Język angielski 2017 — poziom dwujęzyczny — Formuła 2015 — część 2

TASK 5. (0–4) Read the article. Four fragments have been removed from the text. Complete each gap (5.1.–5.4.) with the fragment which fits best and put the appropriate letter (A–E) in each gap. There is one fragment which you do not need to use. HOW DO EMOTICONS AND CAPITALISATION AFFECT PERCEPTION OF EMAIL? Compared with face-to-face communication, nonverbal cues in email are lacking. But humans are fabulous at generating meaning even when cues are sparse. A group of psychologists from Stanford University have put forward a theory that our motivation for generating meaning is to reduce levels of uncertainty and help predict other people’s behavioural patterns. 5.1. _____ Both of these enable the people we are addressing to predict our behaviour, mood and intentions. The research on nonverbal behaviour in emails is not as simple as “emoticons are good while capitalisation is bad”. It seems that both writing in capital letters and using emoticons can evoke utterly different responses, perhaps much less polarised in the case of capitalisation, which is normally considered a no-no in emails. However, the usage of capital letters can also communicate excitement and not just senseless shouting. 5.2. _____ Perhaps some of this variability in the perception of capitalisation and emoticons comes down to personality? Psychologists researched this by asking college students to fill in a personality questionnaire and then read emails from an unknown person. These were simple messages such as requests for copies of academic papers or information about the university. Each participant was randomly assigned to read two out of several differently presented emails. 5.3. _____ The students were then asked to rate the sender’s likeability. The researchers found that the reader’s personality influenced how emoticons and capitalisation were perceived. Readers high in extroversion and emotional stability were likely to rate the sender’s emails as more likeable if they had correct capitalisation and emoticons. The opposite was also true. For the introverted and emotionally unstable, correct capitalisation and emoticons tended not to affect the sender’s likeability, perhaps even lowering it. These results are interesting but they also raise many more questions. Emoticons may make the sender appear more likeable, but further research is necessary to find out if they also make the sender seem less professional or whether they can make reading bad news less disturbing. In their study, the researchers only used a smiley face in the emails. 5.4. _____ These are just some uncertainties. If more advanced ways of communicating emotion in email become a reality, surely many more questions will have to be answered. adapted from www.spring.org.uk Strona 8 z 18 MAD-1A A. Some of them were all written with capital letters, others included emoticons and the rest neither, so that the researchers would be able to compare responses. B. Researchers are currently working on electronic mail systems which involve expressive typography, graphical components as well as old-fashioned words to convey emotion. C. This might explain how, in online correspondence, even two simple things like capitalisation and the use of emoticons can have important effects on the reader’s perceptions. D. We can’t be sure whether the impact of other emoticons would be the same. It is also not clear what would happen if the sender used emoticons which the receiver did not understand. E. For emoticons, there is a bulk of research which proves they can take the sting out of a message with a negative content. Other studies find they have no such impact. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! MAD-1A Strona 9 z 18

1. A. Some of them were all written with capital letters, others included emoticons and the rest neither, so that the researchers would be able to compare responses.
2. B. Researchers are currently working on electronic mail systems which involve expressive typography, graphical components as well as old-fashioned words to convey emotion.
3. C. This might explain how, in online correspondence, even two simple things like capitalisation and the use of emoticons can have important effects on the reader’s perceptions.
4. D. We can’t be sure whether the impact of other emoticons would be the same. It is also not clear what would happen if the sender used emoticons which the receiver did not understand.
5. E. For emoticons, there is a bulk of research which proves they can take the sting out of a message with a negative content. Other studies find they have no such impact. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! MAD-1A Strona 9 z 18

mention the most spacious facility ever launched into space?

TASK 6. (0–4) Read the text. For questions 6.1.–6.4., choose the appropriate paragraph and write the corresponding letter (A–E) in the table. One paragraph does not match any of the questions. In which paragraph does the author Answer 6.1. mention the most spacious facility ever launched into space? 6.2. suggest how the problem of living in cramped conditions could be eased? 6.3. point to a feature vital in materials delivered from Earth to other planets? 6.4. refer to a design which did not go beyond its preliminary stage? LET’S MOVE TO MARS! A. Imagine a luxurious hotel with a view that’s changing all the time, where there are 18 sunrises and sunsets every day and where food floats effortlessly into your mouth. Who wouldn’t sign up for that? It’s only a matter of time before space travel becomes a regular holiday option. We might even start living and working on the Moon. However, there are some problematic aspects to be resolved. B. As civilian space travel inches closer, the role of architects is growing. More people travel to space for increasingly longer periods of time and their physical environment and its psychological effects are becoming more and more important. Surprisingly, the US space station, Skylab, which orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979 and was recycled out of the fuel tank of a massive Saturn V rocket, remains by far the most generous habitat sent into orbit. It was palatial compared with the poky modules of the current International Space Station. C. However, luxury is not an issue at this stage. First an efficient way to construct dwellings has to be invented. It would cost $500,000 to send a single brick to the Moon and lots more to Mars. As a result, the task has always been to develop lightweight materials and kits, that is to take a kind of astro-Ikea approach. Engineers’ attention is now shifting towards inflatable structures, allowing entire habitats to be folded up and packed on board. D. In 1974, Guillermo Trotti put forward a proposal for an inflatable habitat on the Moon. His lunar colony envisaged a network of domes and structures to house a community of 200 people. It never blasted off but it inspired other ideas. The current catchphrase among NASA people is in-situ resource utilisation, the space equivalent of using locally available resources. The surface of the Moon (and probably that of Mars as well) is an open mine of readily accessible minerals and compounds that could be used in construction projects. Strona 10 z 18 MAD-1A E. Trotti is optimistic about life on Mars, arguing that deep-space exploration will be the largest industry in the world over the next 100 years, as well as the biggest challenge for budding space architects. The question is how to build an environment in which you can happily live for three years in a confined space with the same people. Virtual reality could be an answer, allowing people to escape mentally or to study remotely. You could take the Library of Congress or the Louvre up there with you and come back with a PhD. adapted from www.theguardian.com TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! MAD-1A Strona 11 z 18

suggest how the problem of living in cramped conditions could be eased?

TASK 6. (0–4) Read the text. For questions 6.1.–6.4., choose the appropriate paragraph and write the corresponding letter (A–E) in the table. One paragraph does not match any of the questions. In which paragraph does the author Answer 6.1. mention the most spacious facility ever launched into space? 6.2. suggest how the problem of living in cramped conditions could be eased? 6.3. point to a feature vital in materials delivered from Earth to other planets? 6.4. refer to a design which did not go beyond its preliminary stage? LET’S MOVE TO MARS! A. Imagine a luxurious hotel with a view that’s changing all the time, where there are 18 sunrises and sunsets every day and where food floats effortlessly into your mouth. Who wouldn’t sign up for that? It’s only a matter of time before space travel becomes a regular holiday option. We might even start living and working on the Moon. However, there are some problematic aspects to be resolved. B. As civilian space travel inches closer, the role of architects is growing. More people travel to space for increasingly longer periods of time and their physical environment and its psychological effects are becoming more and more important. Surprisingly, the US space station, Skylab, which orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979 and was recycled out of the fuel tank of a massive Saturn V rocket, remains by far the most generous habitat sent into orbit. It was palatial compared with the poky modules of the current International Space Station. C. However, luxury is not an issue at this stage. First an efficient way to construct dwellings has to be invented. It would cost $500,000 to send a single brick to the Moon and lots more to Mars. As a result, the task has always been to develop lightweight materials and kits, that is to take a kind of astro-Ikea approach. Engineers’ attention is now shifting towards inflatable structures, allowing entire habitats to be folded up and packed on board. D. In 1974, Guillermo Trotti put forward a proposal for an inflatable habitat on the Moon. His lunar colony envisaged a network of domes and structures to house a community of 200 people. It never blasted off but it inspired other ideas. The current catchphrase among NASA people is in-situ resource utilisation, the space equivalent of using locally available resources. The surface of the Moon (and probably that of Mars as well) is an open mine of readily accessible minerals and compounds that could be used in construction projects. Strona 10 z 18 MAD-1A E. Trotti is optimistic about life on Mars, arguing that deep-space exploration will be the largest industry in the world over the next 100 years, as well as the biggest challenge for budding space architects. The question is how to build an environment in which you can happily live for three years in a confined space with the same people. Virtual reality could be an answer, allowing people to escape mentally or to study remotely. You could take the Library of Congress or the Louvre up there with you and come back with a PhD. adapted from www.theguardian.com TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! MAD-1A Strona 11 z 18

point to a feature vital in materials delivered from Earth to other planets?

TASK 6. (0–4) Read the text. For questions 6.1.–6.4., choose the appropriate paragraph and write the corresponding letter (A–E) in the table. One paragraph does not match any of the questions. In which paragraph does the author Answer 6.1. mention the most spacious facility ever launched into space? 6.2. suggest how the problem of living in cramped conditions could be eased? 6.3. point to a feature vital in materials delivered from Earth to other planets? 6.4. refer to a design which did not go beyond its preliminary stage? LET’S MOVE TO MARS! A. Imagine a luxurious hotel with a view that’s changing all the time, where there are 18 sunrises and sunsets every day and where food floats effortlessly into your mouth. Who wouldn’t sign up for that? It’s only a matter of time before space travel becomes a regular holiday option. We might even start living and working on the Moon. However, there are some problematic aspects to be resolved. B. As civilian space travel inches closer, the role of architects is growing. More people travel to space for increasingly longer periods of time and their physical environment and its psychological effects are becoming more and more important. Surprisingly, the US space station, Skylab, which orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979 and was recycled out of the fuel tank of a massive Saturn V rocket, remains by far the most generous habitat sent into orbit. It was palatial compared with the poky modules of the current International Space Station. C. However, luxury is not an issue at this stage. First an efficient way to construct dwellings has to be invented. It would cost $500,000 to send a single brick to the Moon and lots more to Mars. As a result, the task has always been to develop lightweight materials and kits, that is to take a kind of astro-Ikea approach. Engineers’ attention is now shifting towards inflatable structures, allowing entire habitats to be folded up and packed on board. D. In 1974, Guillermo Trotti put forward a proposal for an inflatable habitat on the Moon. His lunar colony envisaged a network of domes and structures to house a community of 200 people. It never blasted off but it inspired other ideas. The current catchphrase among NASA people is in-situ resource utilisation, the space equivalent of using locally available resources. The surface of the Moon (and probably that of Mars as well) is an open mine of readily accessible minerals and compounds that could be used in construction projects. Strona 10 z 18 MAD-1A E. Trotti is optimistic about life on Mars, arguing that deep-space exploration will be the largest industry in the world over the next 100 years, as well as the biggest challenge for budding space architects. The question is how to build an environment in which you can happily live for three years in a confined space with the same people. Virtual reality could be an answer, allowing people to escape mentally or to study remotely. You could take the Library of Congress or the Louvre up there with you and come back with a PhD. adapted from www.theguardian.com TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! MAD-1A Strona 11 z 18

refer to a design which did not go beyond its preliminary stage? LET’S MOVE TO MARS!

TASK 6. (0–4) Read the text. For questions 6.1.–6.4., choose the appropriate paragraph and write the corresponding letter (A–E) in the table. One paragraph does not match any of the questions. In which paragraph does the author Answer 6.1. mention the most spacious facility ever launched into space? 6.2. suggest how the problem of living in cramped conditions could be eased? 6.3. point to a feature vital in materials delivered from Earth to other planets? 6.4. refer to a design which did not go beyond its preliminary stage? LET’S MOVE TO MARS! A. Imagine a luxurious hotel with a view that’s changing all the time, where there are 18 sunrises and sunsets every day and where food floats effortlessly into your mouth. Who wouldn’t sign up for that? It’s only a matter of time before space travel becomes a regular holiday option. We might even start living and working on the Moon. However, there are some problematic aspects to be resolved. B. As civilian space travel inches closer, the role of architects is growing. More people travel to space for increasingly longer periods of time and their physical environment and its psychological effects are becoming more and more important. Surprisingly, the US space station, Skylab, which orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979 and was recycled out of the fuel tank of a massive Saturn V rocket, remains by far the most generous habitat sent into orbit. It was palatial compared with the poky modules of the current International Space Station. C. However, luxury is not an issue at this stage. First an efficient way to construct dwellings has to be invented. It would cost $500,000 to send a single brick to the Moon and lots more to Mars. As a result, the task has always been to develop lightweight materials and kits, that is to take a kind of astro-Ikea approach. Engineers’ attention is now shifting towards inflatable structures, allowing entire habitats to be folded up and packed on board. D. In 1974, Guillermo Trotti put forward a proposal for an inflatable habitat on the Moon. His lunar colony envisaged a network of domes and structures to house a community of 200 people. It never blasted off but it inspired other ideas. The current catchphrase among NASA people is in-situ resource utilisation, the space equivalent of using locally available resources. The surface of the Moon (and probably that of Mars as well) is an open mine of readily accessible minerals and compounds that could be used in construction projects. Strona 10 z 18 MAD-1A E. Trotti is optimistic about life on Mars, arguing that deep-space exploration will be the largest industry in the world over the next 100 years, as well as the biggest challenge for budding space architects. The question is how to build an environment in which you can happily live for three years in a confined space with the same people. Virtual reality could be an answer, allowing people to escape mentally or to study remotely. You could take the Library of Congress or the Louvre up there with you and come back with a PhD. adapted from www.theguardian.com TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! MAD-1A Strona 11 z 18

1. A. Imagine a luxurious hotel with a view that’s changing all the time, where there are 18 sunrises and sunsets every day and where food floats effortlessly into your mouth. Who wouldn’t sign up for that? It’s only a matter of time before space travel becomes a regular holiday option. We might even start living and working on the Moon. However, there are some problematic aspects to be resolved.
2. B. As civilian space travel inches closer, the role of architects is growing. More people travel to space for increasingly longer periods of time and their physical environment and its psychological effects are becoming more and more important. Surprisingly, the US space station, Skylab, which orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979 and was recycled out of the fuel tank of a massive Saturn V rocket, remains by far the most generous habitat sent into orbit. It was palatial compared with the poky modules of the current International Space Station.
3. C. However, luxury is not an issue at this stage. First an efficient way to construct dwellings has to be invented. It would cost $500,000 to send a single brick to the Moon and lots more to Mars. As a result, the task has always been to develop lightweight materials and kits, that is to take a kind of astro-Ikea approach. Engineers’ attention is now shifting towards inflatable structures, allowing entire habitats to be folded up and packed on board.
4. D. In 1974, Guillermo Trotti put forward a proposal for an inflatable habitat on the Moon. His lunar colony envisaged a network of domes and structures to house a community of 200 people. It never blasted off but it inspired other ideas. The current catchphrase among NASA people is in-situ resource utilisation, the space equivalent of using locally available resources. The surface of the Moon (and probably that of Mars as well) is an open mine of readily accessible minerals and compounds that could be used in construction projects.
5. E. Trotti is optimistic about life on Mars, arguing that deep-space exploration will be the largest industry in the world over the next 100 years, as well as the biggest challenge for budding space architects. The question is how to build an environment in which you can happily live for three years in a confined space with the same people. Virtual reality could be an answer, allowing people to escape mentally or to study remotely. You could take the Library of Congress or the Louvre up there with you and come back with a PhD. adapted from www.theguardian.com TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! MAD-1A Strona 11 z 18

7.2. 7.3.

TASK 7. (0–5) Read the text. For questions 7.1.–7.5., choose the word or phrase which fits best in each gap. Circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). REDUCING TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN LOS ANGELES L.A. traffic congestion is the worst in the nation. It takes its 7.1. _____ on the quality of life, economic competitiveness and driving safety. And it is more than certain that it will continue to worsen unless policymakers intervene. But what steps should be taken? To answer this question, a group of researchers conducted a study to identify strategies that could be 7.2. _____ and might produce significant effects within five years. The scientists concluded that tackling the problem of congestion should mean 7.3. _____ increasing the supply of road space or reducing the demand for peak-hour automotive travel. However, the prospects for building the way out of congestion are grim. Most residents fear 7.4. _____ by fast-flowing traffic day and night and oppose the construction of new roads or the expansion of existing ones in their neighborhoods. And even if people 7.5. _____ to new highways, there is very little space to add road capacity in the areas where congestion is most intense. Therefore, the most realistic option is to find ways to manage the weight of the traffic during peak hours. adapted from www.rand.org 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. A. toll A. driven A. neither B. impact B. sampled B. likewise C. bearing C. implemented C. either D. influence D. proceeded D. otherwise 7.4. 7.5. A. disturbing A. complied B. being disturbed B. endorsed C. to be disturbed C. sanctioned D. having been D. consented disturbed TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Strona 12 z 18 MAD-1A

1. A. toll A. driven A. neither
2. B. impact B. sampled B. likewise
3. C. bearing C. implemented C. either
4. D. influence D. proceeded D. otherwise
5. A. disturbing A. complied
6. B. being disturbed B. endorsed
7. C. to be disturbed C. sanctioned
8. D. having been D. consented disturbed TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET!

TASK 7. (0–5) Read the text. For questions 7.1.–7.5., choose the word or phrase which fits best in each gap. Circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). REDUCING TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN LOS ANGELES L.A. traffic congestion is the worst in the nation. It takes its 7.1. _____ on the quality of life, economic competitiveness and driving safety. And it is more than certain that it will continue to worsen unless policymakers intervene. But what steps should be taken? To answer this question, a group of researchers conducted a study to identify strategies that could be 7.2. _____ and might produce significant effects within five years. The scientists concluded that tackling the problem of congestion should mean 7.3. _____ increasing the supply of road space or reducing the demand for peak-hour automotive travel. However, the prospects for building the way out of congestion are grim. Most residents fear 7.4. _____ by fast-flowing traffic day and night and oppose the construction of new roads or the expansion of existing ones in their neighborhoods. And even if people 7.5. _____ to new highways, there is very little space to add road capacity in the areas where congestion is most intense. Therefore, the most realistic option is to find ways to manage the weight of the traffic during peak hours. adapted from www.rand.org 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. A. toll A. driven A. neither B. impact B. sampled B. likewise C. bearing C. implemented C. either D. influence D. proceeded D. otherwise 7.4. 7.5. A. disturbing A. complied B. being disturbed B. endorsed C. to be disturbed C. sanctioned D. having been D. consented disturbed TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Strona 12 z 18 MAD-1A

TASK 7. (0–5) Read the text. For questions 7.1.–7.5., choose the word or phrase which fits best in each gap. Circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). REDUCING TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN LOS ANGELES L.A. traffic congestion is the worst in the nation. It takes its 7.1. _____ on the quality of life, economic competitiveness and driving safety. And it is more than certain that it will continue to worsen unless policymakers intervene. But what steps should be taken? To answer this question, a group of researchers conducted a study to identify strategies that could be 7.2. _____ and might produce significant effects within five years. The scientists concluded that tackling the problem of congestion should mean 7.3. _____ increasing the supply of road space or reducing the demand for peak-hour automotive travel. However, the prospects for building the way out of congestion are grim. Most residents fear 7.4. _____ by fast-flowing traffic day and night and oppose the construction of new roads or the expansion of existing ones in their neighborhoods. And even if people 7.5. _____ to new highways, there is very little space to add road capacity in the areas where congestion is most intense. Therefore, the most realistic option is to find ways to manage the weight of the traffic during peak hours. adapted from www.rand.org 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. A. toll A. driven A. neither B. impact B. sampled B. likewise C. bearing C. implemented C. either D. influence D. proceeded D. otherwise 7.4. 7.5. A. disturbing A. complied B. being disturbed B. endorsed C. to be disturbed C. sanctioned D. having been D. consented disturbed TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Strona 12 z 18 MAD-1A

_____ by fast-flowing traffic day and night and oppose the construction of new roads or the expansion of existing ones in their neighborhoods. And even if people 7.5. _____ to new highways, there is very little space to add road capacity in the areas where congestion is most intense. Therefore, the most realistic option is to find ways to manage the weight of the traffic during peak hours. adapted from www.rand.org 7.1. 7.2. 7.3.

TASK 7. (0–5) Read the text. For questions 7.1.–7.5., choose the word or phrase which fits best in each gap. Circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). REDUCING TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN LOS ANGELES L.A. traffic congestion is the worst in the nation. It takes its 7.1. _____ on the quality of life, economic competitiveness and driving safety. And it is more than certain that it will continue to worsen unless policymakers intervene. But what steps should be taken? To answer this question, a group of researchers conducted a study to identify strategies that could be 7.2. _____ and might produce significant effects within five years. The scientists concluded that tackling the problem of congestion should mean 7.3. _____ increasing the supply of road space or reducing the demand for peak-hour automotive travel. However, the prospects for building the way out of congestion are grim. Most residents fear 7.4. _____ by fast-flowing traffic day and night and oppose the construction of new roads or the expansion of existing ones in their neighborhoods. And even if people 7.5. _____ to new highways, there is very little space to add road capacity in the areas where congestion is most intense. Therefore, the most realistic option is to find ways to manage the weight of the traffic during peak hours. adapted from www.rand.org 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. A. toll A. driven A. neither B. impact B. sampled B. likewise C. bearing C. implemented C. either D. influence D. proceeded D. otherwise 7.4. 7.5. A. disturbing A. complied B. being disturbed B. endorsed C. to be disturbed C. sanctioned D. having been D. consented disturbed TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Strona 12 z 18 MAD-1A

1. A. toll A. driven A. neither
2. B. impact B. sampled B. likewise
3. C. bearing C. implemented C. either
4. D. influence D. proceeded D. otherwise
5. A. disturbing A. complied
6. B. being disturbed B. endorsed
7. C. to be disturbed C. sanctioned
8. D. having been D. consented disturbed TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET!

TASK 7. (0–5) Read the text. For questions 7.1.–7.5., choose the word or phrase which fits best in each gap. Circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). REDUCING TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN LOS ANGELES L.A. traffic congestion is the worst in the nation. It takes its 7.1. _____ on the quality of life, economic competitiveness and driving safety. And it is more than certain that it will continue to worsen unless policymakers intervene. But what steps should be taken? To answer this question, a group of researchers conducted a study to identify strategies that could be 7.2. _____ and might produce significant effects within five years. The scientists concluded that tackling the problem of congestion should mean 7.3. _____ increasing the supply of road space or reducing the demand for peak-hour automotive travel. However, the prospects for building the way out of congestion are grim. Most residents fear 7.4. _____ by fast-flowing traffic day and night and oppose the construction of new roads or the expansion of existing ones in their neighborhoods. And even if people 7.5. _____ to new highways, there is very little space to add road capacity in the areas where congestion is most intense. Therefore, the most realistic option is to find ways to manage the weight of the traffic during peak hours. adapted from www.rand.org 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. A. toll A. driven A. neither B. impact B. sampled B. likewise C. bearing C. implemented C. either D. influence D. proceeded D. otherwise 7.4. 7.5. A. disturbing A. complied B. being disturbed B. endorsed C. to be disturbed C. sanctioned D. having been D. consented disturbed TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Strona 12 z 18 MAD-1A

TASK 8. (0–5) Read the text. For questions 8.1–8.5, use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits the gap. The text must be logical and correct in both grammar and spelling. Write the missing word in the space provided. ARE JELLYFISH GOING TO TAKE OVER THE OCEANS? Another British summer and another set of headlines about swarms of jellyfish set to ruin your holiday. But news that jellyfish numbers may be rising carries 8.1. (IMPLY) ______________ far beyond the interrupted pastimes of the sunburnt masses. Jellyfish seem to thrive on the chaos humans create. Overfishing wipes out the creature’s predators and 8.2. (CONSIDER) ___________________ warmer water, resulting from climate change, contributes to their spread. Another problem is pollution from fertilisers, which leads to the loss of oxygen in the oceans. It turns out that jellyfish are incredibly tolerant of this 8.3. (DEPRIVE) _____________________, much more than other sea creatures. And the great mixing of species transported across the world in the ballasts of ships opens up new, vulnerable ecosystems to these super-adaptors. However, because of the paucity of historical records, many jellyfish experts are 8.4. (HESITATE) _____________________ in declaring whether a global trend exists. Headlines dating back as far as 1906 show that all through the decades there were periods when the numbers of jellyfish in certain locations were described as 8.5. (PRECEDENCE) ___________________ but that doesn’t prove that their population worldwide is growing. In all likelihood, we are going to see more jellyfish, but whether or not we are doomed to oceans dominated by them is hard to say at the moment. adapted from www.theguardian.com MAD-1A Strona 13 z 18

TASK 8. (0–5) Read the text. For questions 8.1–8.5, use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits the gap. The text must be logical and correct in both grammar and spelling. Write the missing word in the space provided. ARE JELLYFISH GOING TO TAKE OVER THE OCEANS? Another British summer and another set of headlines about swarms of jellyfish set to ruin your holiday. But news that jellyfish numbers may be rising carries 8.1. (IMPLY) ______________ far beyond the interrupted pastimes of the sunburnt masses. Jellyfish seem to thrive on the chaos humans create. Overfishing wipes out the creature’s predators and 8.2. (CONSIDER) ___________________ warmer water, resulting from climate change, contributes to their spread. Another problem is pollution from fertilisers, which leads to the loss of oxygen in the oceans. It turns out that jellyfish are incredibly tolerant of this 8.3. (DEPRIVE) _____________________, much more than other sea creatures. And the great mixing of species transported across the world in the ballasts of ships opens up new, vulnerable ecosystems to these super-adaptors. However, because of the paucity of historical records, many jellyfish experts are 8.4. (HESITATE) _____________________ in declaring whether a global trend exists. Headlines dating back as far as 1906 show that all through the decades there were periods when the numbers of jellyfish in certain locations were described as 8.5. (PRECEDENCE) ___________________ but that doesn’t prove that their population worldwide is growing. In all likelihood, we are going to see more jellyfish, but whether or not we are doomed to oceans dominated by them is hard to say at the moment. adapted from www.theguardian.com MAD-1A Strona 13 z 18

TASK 8. (0–5) Read the text. For questions 8.1–8.5, use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits the gap. The text must be logical and correct in both grammar and spelling. Write the missing word in the space provided. ARE JELLYFISH GOING TO TAKE OVER THE OCEANS? Another British summer and another set of headlines about swarms of jellyfish set to ruin your holiday. But news that jellyfish numbers may be rising carries 8.1. (IMPLY) ______________ far beyond the interrupted pastimes of the sunburnt masses. Jellyfish seem to thrive on the chaos humans create. Overfishing wipes out the creature’s predators and 8.2. (CONSIDER) ___________________ warmer water, resulting from climate change, contributes to their spread. Another problem is pollution from fertilisers, which leads to the loss of oxygen in the oceans. It turns out that jellyfish are incredibly tolerant of this 8.3. (DEPRIVE) _____________________, much more than other sea creatures. And the great mixing of species transported across the world in the ballasts of ships opens up new, vulnerable ecosystems to these super-adaptors. However, because of the paucity of historical records, many jellyfish experts are 8.4. (HESITATE) _____________________ in declaring whether a global trend exists. Headlines dating back as far as 1906 show that all through the decades there were periods when the numbers of jellyfish in certain locations were described as 8.5. (PRECEDENCE) ___________________ but that doesn’t prove that their population worldwide is growing. In all likelihood, we are going to see more jellyfish, but whether or not we are doomed to oceans dominated by them is hard to say at the moment. adapted from www.theguardian.com MAD-1A Strona 13 z 18

(HESITATE) _____________________ in declaring whether a global trend exists. Headlines dating back as far as 1906 show that all through the decades there were periods when the numbers of jellyfish in certain locations were described as 8.5. (PRECEDENCE) ___________________ but that doesn’t prove that their population worldwide is growing. In all likelihood, we are going to see more jellyfish, but whether or not we are doomed to oceans dominated by them is hard to say at the moment. adapted from www.theguardian.com MAD-1A Strona 13 z 18

TASK 8. (0–5) Read the text. For questions 8.1–8.5, use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits the gap. The text must be logical and correct in both grammar and spelling. Write the missing word in the space provided. ARE JELLYFISH GOING TO TAKE OVER THE OCEANS? Another British summer and another set of headlines about swarms of jellyfish set to ruin your holiday. But news that jellyfish numbers may be rising carries 8.1. (IMPLY) ______________ far beyond the interrupted pastimes of the sunburnt masses. Jellyfish seem to thrive on the chaos humans create. Overfishing wipes out the creature’s predators and 8.2. (CONSIDER) ___________________ warmer water, resulting from climate change, contributes to their spread. Another problem is pollution from fertilisers, which leads to the loss of oxygen in the oceans. It turns out that jellyfish are incredibly tolerant of this 8.3. (DEPRIVE) _____________________, much more than other sea creatures. And the great mixing of species transported across the world in the ballasts of ships opens up new, vulnerable ecosystems to these super-adaptors. However, because of the paucity of historical records, many jellyfish experts are 8.4. (HESITATE) _____________________ in declaring whether a global trend exists. Headlines dating back as far as 1906 show that all through the decades there were periods when the numbers of jellyfish in certain locations were described as 8.5. (PRECEDENCE) ___________________ but that doesn’t prove that their population worldwide is growing. In all likelihood, we are going to see more jellyfish, but whether or not we are doomed to oceans dominated by them is hard to say at the moment. adapted from www.theguardian.com MAD-1A Strona 13 z 18

TASK 8. (0–5) Read the text. For questions 8.1–8.5, use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits the gap. The text must be logical and correct in both grammar and spelling. Write the missing word in the space provided. ARE JELLYFISH GOING TO TAKE OVER THE OCEANS? Another British summer and another set of headlines about swarms of jellyfish set to ruin your holiday. But news that jellyfish numbers may be rising carries 8.1. (IMPLY) ______________ far beyond the interrupted pastimes of the sunburnt masses. Jellyfish seem to thrive on the chaos humans create. Overfishing wipes out the creature’s predators and 8.2. (CONSIDER) ___________________ warmer water, resulting from climate change, contributes to their spread. Another problem is pollution from fertilisers, which leads to the loss of oxygen in the oceans. It turns out that jellyfish are incredibly tolerant of this 8.3. (DEPRIVE) _____________________, much more than other sea creatures. And the great mixing of species transported across the world in the ballasts of ships opens up new, vulnerable ecosystems to these super-adaptors. However, because of the paucity of historical records, many jellyfish experts are 8.4. (HESITATE) _____________________ in declaring whether a global trend exists. Headlines dating back as far as 1906 show that all through the decades there were periods when the numbers of jellyfish in certain locations were described as 8.5. (PRECEDENCE) ___________________ but that doesn’t prove that their population worldwide is growing. In all likelihood, we are going to see more jellyfish, but whether or not we are doomed to oceans dominated by them is hard to say at the moment. adapted from www.theguardian.com MAD-1A Strona 13 z 18

The story I heard yesterday (make / I / think / change) _____________________________ ____________________________________ my job.

TASK 9. (0–5) For questions 9.1.–9.5., complete each gap using the words given in brackets so that the sentence is logical and correct as far as spelling and grammar are concerned. You can change the form of the words given in brackets or add other words if necessary. Use up to six words including the words given in brackets. Do not change the order of the words given in brackets. 9.1. The story I heard yesterday (make / I / think / change) _____________________________ ____________________________________ my job. 9.2. (Surprising / it / seem) _____________________________________________________, the 80-year-old athlete running in this group is much fitter than the younger competitors. 9.3. My sister (be / habit / interrupt) ______________________________________________ anybody she talks to. It’s so irritating! 9.4. I took a photo of a military base, which is forbidden, so it (have / delete) _______________ ________________________________________________________. 9.5. Hardly (she / start / presentation) ____________________________________________, when a fire alarm went off. Strona 14 z 18 MAD-1A

(Surprising / it / seem) _____________________________________________________, the 80-year-old athlete running in this group is much fitter than the younger competitors.

TASK 9. (0–5) For questions 9.1.–9.5., complete each gap using the words given in brackets so that the sentence is logical and correct as far as spelling and grammar are concerned. You can change the form of the words given in brackets or add other words if necessary. Use up to six words including the words given in brackets. Do not change the order of the words given in brackets. 9.1. The story I heard yesterday (make / I / think / change) _____________________________ ____________________________________ my job. 9.2. (Surprising / it / seem) _____________________________________________________, the 80-year-old athlete running in this group is much fitter than the younger competitors. 9.3. My sister (be / habit / interrupt) ______________________________________________ anybody she talks to. It’s so irritating! 9.4. I took a photo of a military base, which is forbidden, so it (have / delete) _______________ ________________________________________________________. 9.5. Hardly (she / start / presentation) ____________________________________________, when a fire alarm went off. Strona 14 z 18 MAD-1A

My sister (be / habit / interrupt) ______________________________________________ anybody she talks to. It’s so irritating!

TASK 9. (0–5) For questions 9.1.–9.5., complete each gap using the words given in brackets so that the sentence is logical and correct as far as spelling and grammar are concerned. You can change the form of the words given in brackets or add other words if necessary. Use up to six words including the words given in brackets. Do not change the order of the words given in brackets. 9.1. The story I heard yesterday (make / I / think / change) _____________________________ ____________________________________ my job. 9.2. (Surprising / it / seem) _____________________________________________________, the 80-year-old athlete running in this group is much fitter than the younger competitors. 9.3. My sister (be / habit / interrupt) ______________________________________________ anybody she talks to. It’s so irritating! 9.4. I took a photo of a military base, which is forbidden, so it (have / delete) _______________ ________________________________________________________. 9.5. Hardly (she / start / presentation) ____________________________________________, when a fire alarm went off. Strona 14 z 18 MAD-1A

I took a photo of a military base, which is forbidden, so it (have / delete) _______________ ________________________________________________________.

TASK 9. (0–5) For questions 9.1.–9.5., complete each gap using the words given in brackets so that the sentence is logical and correct as far as spelling and grammar are concerned. You can change the form of the words given in brackets or add other words if necessary. Use up to six words including the words given in brackets. Do not change the order of the words given in brackets. 9.1. The story I heard yesterday (make / I / think / change) _____________________________ ____________________________________ my job. 9.2. (Surprising / it / seem) _____________________________________________________, the 80-year-old athlete running in this group is much fitter than the younger competitors. 9.3. My sister (be / habit / interrupt) ______________________________________________ anybody she talks to. It’s so irritating! 9.4. I took a photo of a military base, which is forbidden, so it (have / delete) _______________ ________________________________________________________. 9.5. Hardly (she / start / presentation) ____________________________________________, when a fire alarm went off. Strona 14 z 18 MAD-1A

Hardly (she / start / presentation) ____________________________________________, when a fire alarm went off. Strona 14 z 18 MAD-1A

TASK 9. (0–5) For questions 9.1.–9.5., complete each gap using the words given in brackets so that the sentence is logical and correct as far as spelling and grammar are concerned. You can change the form of the words given in brackets or add other words if necessary. Use up to six words including the words given in brackets. Do not change the order of the words given in brackets. 9.1. The story I heard yesterday (make / I / think / change) _____________________________ ____________________________________ my job. 9.2. (Surprising / it / seem) _____________________________________________________, the 80-year-old athlete running in this group is much fitter than the younger competitors. 9.3. My sister (be / habit / interrupt) ______________________________________________ anybody she talks to. It’s so irritating! 9.4. I took a photo of a military base, which is forbidden, so it (have / delete) _______________ ________________________________________________________. 9.5. Hardly (she / start / presentation) ____________________________________________, when a fire alarm went off. Strona 14 z 18 MAD-1A

TASK 10. (0–15) Choose one of the topics below and write a composition following the conventions of the genre indicated in the topic. Use between 300 and 350 words. 1. Parki safari, w których zwiedzający oglądają z samochodu lub autokaru swobodnie spacerujące zwierzęta, stają się w wielu miejscach na świecie popularną atrakcją turystyczną. Czy parki safari powinny być zakładane? Napisz rozprawkę, w której przedstawisz swoją opinię na ten temat, uwzględniając argumenty odnoszące się do: • warunków życia zwierząt • bezpieczeństwa zwiedzających • roli edukacyjnej tego typu miejsc. 2. W dzisiejszych czasach często kupujemy nowe rzeczy (np. ubrania, meble, sprzęt elektroniczny), pomimo że nie są nam niezbędne, a wyrzucamy te, które mamy. Napisz artykuł, w którym omówisz przyczyny i skutki takiego zachowania oraz zaproponujesz ciekawą akcję umożliwiającą ponowne wykorzystanie niepotrzebnych rzeczy. FINAL COPY ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… MAD-1A Strona 15 z 18 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Strona 16 z 18 MAD-1A ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Zakres Poprawność Spójność Zgodność z poleceniem środków środków RAZEM i logika językowych językowych 0–1–2–3–4–5 0–1–2 0–1–2–3–4 0–1–2–3–4 Elementy treści (0–1–2) Elementy formy (0–1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 MAD-1A Strona 17 z 18 NOTES (will not be assessed) Strona 18 z 18 MAD-1A