Język angielski 2021 — poziom dwujęzyczny — Formuła 2015

infrastructure? hosting the Olympics is likely to result in reduced visitor numbers to

TASK 1. (0–4) You are going to hear three people talking about hosting the Olympic Games. For questions 1.1.–1.4., choose the right speaker (A–C) and put a cross (X) in the appropriate column in the table. One speaker must be chosen twice. You will hear the recording twice. Which speaker argues that A B C preparing to host the Olympics accelerates the development of 1.1. infrastructure? hosting the Olympics is likely to result in reduced visitor numbers to 1.2. the city after the event? after the Olympics large-scale developments built for the event often 1.3. run at a loss due to costly upkeep? holding the Olympics benefits some businesses at the expense of 1.4. others?

the city after the event? after the Olympics large-scale developments built for the event often

TASK 1. (0–4) You are going to hear three people talking about hosting the Olympic Games. For questions 1.1.–1.4., choose the right speaker (A–C) and put a cross (X) in the appropriate column in the table. One speaker must be chosen twice. You will hear the recording twice. Which speaker argues that A B C preparing to host the Olympics accelerates the development of 1.1. infrastructure? hosting the Olympics is likely to result in reduced visitor numbers to 1.2. the city after the event? after the Olympics large-scale developments built for the event often 1.3. run at a loss due to costly upkeep? holding the Olympics benefits some businesses at the expense of 1.4. others?

run at a loss due to costly upkeep? holding the Olympics benefits some businesses at the expense of

TASK 1. (0–4) You are going to hear three people talking about hosting the Olympic Games. For questions 1.1.–1.4., choose the right speaker (A–C) and put a cross (X) in the appropriate column in the table. One speaker must be chosen twice. You will hear the recording twice. Which speaker argues that A B C preparing to host the Olympics accelerates the development of 1.1. infrastructure? hosting the Olympics is likely to result in reduced visitor numbers to 1.2. the city after the event? after the Olympics large-scale developments built for the event often 1.3. run at a loss due to costly upkeep? holding the Olympics benefits some businesses at the expense of 1.4. others?

others?

TASK 1. (0–4) You are going to hear three people talking about hosting the Olympic Games. For questions 1.1.–1.4., choose the right speaker (A–C) and put a cross (X) in the appropriate column in the table. One speaker must be chosen twice. You will hear the recording twice. Which speaker argues that A B C preparing to host the Olympics accelerates the development of 1.1. infrastructure? hosting the Olympics is likely to result in reduced visitor numbers to 1.2. the city after the event? after the Olympics large-scale developments built for the event often 1.3. run at a loss due to costly upkeep? holding the Olympics benefits some businesses at the expense of 1.4. others?

Which reason for the growth of the bee populations in cities is mentioned by the speaker?

TASK 2. (0–6) You are going to hear two texts. For questions 2.1.–2.6., choose the answer which best matches what you have heard by circling the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Questions 2.1.–2.3. are for Text 1, questions 2.4.–2.6. are for Text 2. You will hear the recording twice. Text 1 2.1. Which reason for the growth of the bee populations in cities is mentioned by the speaker? A. Residents expect bees to pollinate plants in their rooftop gardens. B. Incentives have been introduced to encourage beekeeping in cities. C. City dwellers consider bees to be an indication of a healthy environment. D. Bees are being relocated in response to cases of colony disease in rural areas. 2.2. Beehives installed on city roofs A. have been the subject of legal action by building owners. B. have failed to discourage thieves from stealing lead. C. are a possible target for criminal activity. D. pose a difficulty for pest controllers. 2.3. Which is TRUE about Elevator B? A. Its interior design was inspired by the shape of a honeycomb. B. Visitors have to climb to the top of Elevator B to see the bees up-close. C. It can provide accommodation for several colonies of bees. D. The bee colony residing in it used to live somewhere else before. Strona 2 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 Text 2 2.4. When the plan to implant microchips was considered at Sam’s company, A. workers who were apprehensive about it accepted a compromise solution. B. older workers consented in order not to stand out from the rest. C. some employees suggested a delay in implementation might be advisable. D. Sam faced hostility for being too pushy about it. 2.5. When discussing the dilemmas involved in microchipping people, Sam A. points to security issues as a valid threat which can’t be remedied. B. confirms that the chips can be used to monitor people’s whereabouts. C. questions the evidence provided by the Food and Drug Administration. D. implies that his company’s profile obliges it to take a pioneering approach. 2.6. Based on the whole interview, which sentence most accurately reflects Sam’s attitude to the idea of implanting microchips? A. He feels uneasy about being pressured to persuade his co-workers to consent to the idea. B. He endorses the introduction of this technology in his company. C. He is concerned about safety procedures which would unduly affect employees’ efficiency. D. He is ready, against his own convictions, to lobby for the idea.

1. A. Residents expect bees to pollinate plants in their rooftop gardens.
2. B. Incentives have been introduced to encourage beekeeping in cities.
3. C. City dwellers consider bees to be an indication of a healthy environment.
4. D. Bees are being relocated in response to cases of colony disease in rural areas.

Beehives installed on city roofs

TASK 2. (0–6) You are going to hear two texts. For questions 2.1.–2.6., choose the answer which best matches what you have heard by circling the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Questions 2.1.–2.3. are for Text 1, questions 2.4.–2.6. are for Text 2. You will hear the recording twice. Text 1 2.1. Which reason for the growth of the bee populations in cities is mentioned by the speaker? A. Residents expect bees to pollinate plants in their rooftop gardens. B. Incentives have been introduced to encourage beekeeping in cities. C. City dwellers consider bees to be an indication of a healthy environment. D. Bees are being relocated in response to cases of colony disease in rural areas. 2.2. Beehives installed on city roofs A. have been the subject of legal action by building owners. B. have failed to discourage thieves from stealing lead. C. are a possible target for criminal activity. D. pose a difficulty for pest controllers. 2.3. Which is TRUE about Elevator B? A. Its interior design was inspired by the shape of a honeycomb. B. Visitors have to climb to the top of Elevator B to see the bees up-close. C. It can provide accommodation for several colonies of bees. D. The bee colony residing in it used to live somewhere else before. Strona 2 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 Text 2 2.4. When the plan to implant microchips was considered at Sam’s company, A. workers who were apprehensive about it accepted a compromise solution. B. older workers consented in order not to stand out from the rest. C. some employees suggested a delay in implementation might be advisable. D. Sam faced hostility for being too pushy about it. 2.5. When discussing the dilemmas involved in microchipping people, Sam A. points to security issues as a valid threat which can’t be remedied. B. confirms that the chips can be used to monitor people’s whereabouts. C. questions the evidence provided by the Food and Drug Administration. D. implies that his company’s profile obliges it to take a pioneering approach. 2.6. Based on the whole interview, which sentence most accurately reflects Sam’s attitude to the idea of implanting microchips? A. He feels uneasy about being pressured to persuade his co-workers to consent to the idea. B. He endorses the introduction of this technology in his company. C. He is concerned about safety procedures which would unduly affect employees’ efficiency. D. He is ready, against his own convictions, to lobby for the idea.

1. A. have been the subject of legal action by building owners.
2. B. have failed to discourage thieves from stealing lead.
3. C. are a possible target for criminal activity.
4. D. pose a difficulty for pest controllers.

Which is TRUE about Elevator B?

TASK 2. (0–6) You are going to hear two texts. For questions 2.1.–2.6., choose the answer which best matches what you have heard by circling the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Questions 2.1.–2.3. are for Text 1, questions 2.4.–2.6. are for Text 2. You will hear the recording twice. Text 1 2.1. Which reason for the growth of the bee populations in cities is mentioned by the speaker? A. Residents expect bees to pollinate plants in their rooftop gardens. B. Incentives have been introduced to encourage beekeeping in cities. C. City dwellers consider bees to be an indication of a healthy environment. D. Bees are being relocated in response to cases of colony disease in rural areas. 2.2. Beehives installed on city roofs A. have been the subject of legal action by building owners. B. have failed to discourage thieves from stealing lead. C. are a possible target for criminal activity. D. pose a difficulty for pest controllers. 2.3. Which is TRUE about Elevator B? A. Its interior design was inspired by the shape of a honeycomb. B. Visitors have to climb to the top of Elevator B to see the bees up-close. C. It can provide accommodation for several colonies of bees. D. The bee colony residing in it used to live somewhere else before. Strona 2 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 Text 2 2.4. When the plan to implant microchips was considered at Sam’s company, A. workers who were apprehensive about it accepted a compromise solution. B. older workers consented in order not to stand out from the rest. C. some employees suggested a delay in implementation might be advisable. D. Sam faced hostility for being too pushy about it. 2.5. When discussing the dilemmas involved in microchipping people, Sam A. points to security issues as a valid threat which can’t be remedied. B. confirms that the chips can be used to monitor people’s whereabouts. C. questions the evidence provided by the Food and Drug Administration. D. implies that his company’s profile obliges it to take a pioneering approach. 2.6. Based on the whole interview, which sentence most accurately reflects Sam’s attitude to the idea of implanting microchips? A. He feels uneasy about being pressured to persuade his co-workers to consent to the idea. B. He endorses the introduction of this technology in his company. C. He is concerned about safety procedures which would unduly affect employees’ efficiency. D. He is ready, against his own convictions, to lobby for the idea.

1. A. Its interior design was inspired by the shape of a honeycomb.
2. B. Visitors have to climb to the top of Elevator B to see the bees up-close.
3. C. It can provide accommodation for several colonies of bees.
4. D. The bee colony residing in it used to live somewhere else before.

When the plan to implant microchips was considered at Sam’s company,

TASK 2. (0–6) You are going to hear two texts. For questions 2.1.–2.6., choose the answer which best matches what you have heard by circling the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Questions 2.1.–2.3. are for Text 1, questions 2.4.–2.6. are for Text 2. You will hear the recording twice. Text 1 2.1. Which reason for the growth of the bee populations in cities is mentioned by the speaker? A. Residents expect bees to pollinate plants in their rooftop gardens. B. Incentives have been introduced to encourage beekeeping in cities. C. City dwellers consider bees to be an indication of a healthy environment. D. Bees are being relocated in response to cases of colony disease in rural areas. 2.2. Beehives installed on city roofs A. have been the subject of legal action by building owners. B. have failed to discourage thieves from stealing lead. C. are a possible target for criminal activity. D. pose a difficulty for pest controllers. 2.3. Which is TRUE about Elevator B? A. Its interior design was inspired by the shape of a honeycomb. B. Visitors have to climb to the top of Elevator B to see the bees up-close. C. It can provide accommodation for several colonies of bees. D. The bee colony residing in it used to live somewhere else before. Strona 2 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 Text 2 2.4. When the plan to implant microchips was considered at Sam’s company, A. workers who were apprehensive about it accepted a compromise solution. B. older workers consented in order not to stand out from the rest. C. some employees suggested a delay in implementation might be advisable. D. Sam faced hostility for being too pushy about it. 2.5. When discussing the dilemmas involved in microchipping people, Sam A. points to security issues as a valid threat which can’t be remedied. B. confirms that the chips can be used to monitor people’s whereabouts. C. questions the evidence provided by the Food and Drug Administration. D. implies that his company’s profile obliges it to take a pioneering approach. 2.6. Based on the whole interview, which sentence most accurately reflects Sam’s attitude to the idea of implanting microchips? A. He feels uneasy about being pressured to persuade his co-workers to consent to the idea. B. He endorses the introduction of this technology in his company. C. He is concerned about safety procedures which would unduly affect employees’ efficiency. D. He is ready, against his own convictions, to lobby for the idea.

1. A. workers who were apprehensive about it accepted a compromise solution.
2. B. older workers consented in order not to stand out from the rest.
3. C. some employees suggested a delay in implementation might be advisable.
4. D. Sam faced hostility for being too pushy about it.

When discussing the dilemmas involved in microchipping people, Sam

TASK 2. (0–6) You are going to hear two texts. For questions 2.1.–2.6., choose the answer which best matches what you have heard by circling the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Questions 2.1.–2.3. are for Text 1, questions 2.4.–2.6. are for Text 2. You will hear the recording twice. Text 1 2.1. Which reason for the growth of the bee populations in cities is mentioned by the speaker? A. Residents expect bees to pollinate plants in their rooftop gardens. B. Incentives have been introduced to encourage beekeeping in cities. C. City dwellers consider bees to be an indication of a healthy environment. D. Bees are being relocated in response to cases of colony disease in rural areas. 2.2. Beehives installed on city roofs A. have been the subject of legal action by building owners. B. have failed to discourage thieves from stealing lead. C. are a possible target for criminal activity. D. pose a difficulty for pest controllers. 2.3. Which is TRUE about Elevator B? A. Its interior design was inspired by the shape of a honeycomb. B. Visitors have to climb to the top of Elevator B to see the bees up-close. C. It can provide accommodation for several colonies of bees. D. The bee colony residing in it used to live somewhere else before. Strona 2 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 Text 2 2.4. When the plan to implant microchips was considered at Sam’s company, A. workers who were apprehensive about it accepted a compromise solution. B. older workers consented in order not to stand out from the rest. C. some employees suggested a delay in implementation might be advisable. D. Sam faced hostility for being too pushy about it. 2.5. When discussing the dilemmas involved in microchipping people, Sam A. points to security issues as a valid threat which can’t be remedied. B. confirms that the chips can be used to monitor people’s whereabouts. C. questions the evidence provided by the Food and Drug Administration. D. implies that his company’s profile obliges it to take a pioneering approach. 2.6. Based on the whole interview, which sentence most accurately reflects Sam’s attitude to the idea of implanting microchips? A. He feels uneasy about being pressured to persuade his co-workers to consent to the idea. B. He endorses the introduction of this technology in his company. C. He is concerned about safety procedures which would unduly affect employees’ efficiency. D. He is ready, against his own convictions, to lobby for the idea.

1. A. points to security issues as a valid threat which can’t be remedied.
2. B. confirms that the chips can be used to monitor people’s whereabouts.
3. C. questions the evidence provided by the Food and Drug Administration.
4. D. implies that his company’s profile obliges it to take a pioneering approach.

Based on the whole interview, which sentence most accurately reflects Sam’s attitude to the idea of implanting microchips?

TASK 2. (0–6) You are going to hear two texts. For questions 2.1.–2.6., choose the answer which best matches what you have heard by circling the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Questions 2.1.–2.3. are for Text 1, questions 2.4.–2.6. are for Text 2. You will hear the recording twice. Text 1 2.1. Which reason for the growth of the bee populations in cities is mentioned by the speaker? A. Residents expect bees to pollinate plants in their rooftop gardens. B. Incentives have been introduced to encourage beekeeping in cities. C. City dwellers consider bees to be an indication of a healthy environment. D. Bees are being relocated in response to cases of colony disease in rural areas. 2.2. Beehives installed on city roofs A. have been the subject of legal action by building owners. B. have failed to discourage thieves from stealing lead. C. are a possible target for criminal activity. D. pose a difficulty for pest controllers. 2.3. Which is TRUE about Elevator B? A. Its interior design was inspired by the shape of a honeycomb. B. Visitors have to climb to the top of Elevator B to see the bees up-close. C. It can provide accommodation for several colonies of bees. D. The bee colony residing in it used to live somewhere else before. Strona 2 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 Text 2 2.4. When the plan to implant microchips was considered at Sam’s company, A. workers who were apprehensive about it accepted a compromise solution. B. older workers consented in order not to stand out from the rest. C. some employees suggested a delay in implementation might be advisable. D. Sam faced hostility for being too pushy about it. 2.5. When discussing the dilemmas involved in microchipping people, Sam A. points to security issues as a valid threat which can’t be remedied. B. confirms that the chips can be used to monitor people’s whereabouts. C. questions the evidence provided by the Food and Drug Administration. D. implies that his company’s profile obliges it to take a pioneering approach. 2.6. Based on the whole interview, which sentence most accurately reflects Sam’s attitude to the idea of implanting microchips? A. He feels uneasy about being pressured to persuade his co-workers to consent to the idea. B. He endorses the introduction of this technology in his company. C. He is concerned about safety procedures which would unduly affect employees’ efficiency. D. He is ready, against his own convictions, to lobby for the idea.

1. A. He feels uneasy about being pressured to persuade his co-workers to consent to the idea.
2. B. He endorses the introduction of this technology in his company.
3. C. He is concerned about safety procedures which would unduly affect employees’ efficiency.
4. D. He is ready, against his own convictions, to lobby for the idea.

According to a recent survey, more than half of millennials can’t make salad dressing and only about a third ________________________________________________________.

TASK 3. (0–5) You are going to hear a radio programme on millennials’ ability to cook. Based on what you hear, complete the gap in each sentence (3.1.–3.5.). You will hear the recording twice. 3.1. According to a recent survey, more than half of millennials can’t make salad dressing and only about a third ________________________________________________________. 3.2. The author suggests that experience might be an important factor when he mentions statistics concerning _____________________________________________________. 3.3. The speaker feels that respondents’ answers in the survey might ___________________ ___________________________________________________. 3.4. When using recipes from the Internet, most millennials don’t _______________________ _______________________________________________. 3.5. At the end of the recording the speaker _______________________________________ millennials might find useful. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO TASKS 1 AND 2 TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 3 z 18

The author suggests that experience might be an important factor when he mentions statistics concerning _____________________________________________________.

TASK 3. (0–5) You are going to hear a radio programme on millennials’ ability to cook. Based on what you hear, complete the gap in each sentence (3.1.–3.5.). You will hear the recording twice. 3.1. According to a recent survey, more than half of millennials can’t make salad dressing and only about a third ________________________________________________________. 3.2. The author suggests that experience might be an important factor when he mentions statistics concerning _____________________________________________________. 3.3. The speaker feels that respondents’ answers in the survey might ___________________ ___________________________________________________. 3.4. When using recipes from the Internet, most millennials don’t _______________________ _______________________________________________. 3.5. At the end of the recording the speaker _______________________________________ millennials might find useful. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO TASKS 1 AND 2 TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 3 z 18

The speaker feels that respondents’ answers in the survey might ___________________ ___________________________________________________.

TASK 3. (0–5) You are going to hear a radio programme on millennials’ ability to cook. Based on what you hear, complete the gap in each sentence (3.1.–3.5.). You will hear the recording twice. 3.1. According to a recent survey, more than half of millennials can’t make salad dressing and only about a third ________________________________________________________. 3.2. The author suggests that experience might be an important factor when he mentions statistics concerning _____________________________________________________. 3.3. The speaker feels that respondents’ answers in the survey might ___________________ ___________________________________________________. 3.4. When using recipes from the Internet, most millennials don’t _______________________ _______________________________________________. 3.5. At the end of the recording the speaker _______________________________________ millennials might find useful. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO TASKS 1 AND 2 TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 3 z 18

When using recipes from the Internet, most millennials don’t _______________________ _______________________________________________.

TASK 3. (0–5) You are going to hear a radio programme on millennials’ ability to cook. Based on what you hear, complete the gap in each sentence (3.1.–3.5.). You will hear the recording twice. 3.1. According to a recent survey, more than half of millennials can’t make salad dressing and only about a third ________________________________________________________. 3.2. The author suggests that experience might be an important factor when he mentions statistics concerning _____________________________________________________. 3.3. The speaker feels that respondents’ answers in the survey might ___________________ ___________________________________________________. 3.4. When using recipes from the Internet, most millennials don’t _______________________ _______________________________________________. 3.5. At the end of the recording the speaker _______________________________________ millennials might find useful. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO TASKS 1 AND 2 TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 3 z 18

At the end of the recording the speaker _______________________________________ millennials might find useful. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO TASKS 1 AND 2 TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 3 z 18

TASK 3. (0–5) You are going to hear a radio programme on millennials’ ability to cook. Based on what you hear, complete the gap in each sentence (3.1.–3.5.). You will hear the recording twice. 3.1. According to a recent survey, more than half of millennials can’t make salad dressing and only about a third ________________________________________________________. 3.2. The author suggests that experience might be an important factor when he mentions statistics concerning _____________________________________________________. 3.3. The speaker feels that respondents’ answers in the survey might ___________________ ___________________________________________________. 3.4. When using recipes from the Internet, most millennials don’t _______________________ _______________________________________________. 3.5. At the end of the recording the speaker _______________________________________ millennials might find useful. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO TASKS 1 AND 2 TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 3 z 18

Which of the following sentences is NOT true?

TASK 4. (0–7) Read two texts connected with obeying social norms. For questions 4.1.–4.7., choose the answer that best matches the text and circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Text 1 AN EVENING AT THE OPERA On a January evening in the early seventies, Christine Nilsson was singing in Faust at the Academy of Music in New York. It was Madame Nilsson’s first appearance that winter, and what the daily press described as “an exceptionally brilliant audience” had gathered to hear her. Though there was already talk of the erection of a new Opera House which would compete in costliness and splendour with those of the great European capitals, the world of fashion was still content to reassemble every winter in the shabby red and gold boxes of the sociable old Academy. Conservatives cherished it for being small and inconvenient, and thus keeping out the “new people” whom they were beginning to dread and yet be drawn to; the sentimental clung to it for its historic associations, and the musical for its acoustics, always so problematic a quality in halls built for the hearing of music. When Newland Archer opened the door at the back of the club box, the curtain had just gone up on the garden scene. There was no reason why the young man should not have come earlier, for he had dined at seven, alone with his mother and sister, and had lingered afterward over a cigar in the Gothic library with glazed black-walnut bookcases and ornately carved chairs. But New York was a metropolis, and he was perfectly aware that in metropolises it was “not the thing” for a man of his standing to arrive early at the opera; and what was or was not “the thing” played a part as important in Newland Archer’s New York as the inscrutable totem terrors that had ruled the destinies of his forefathers thousands of years ago. Newland was one of those people for whom thinking about a pleasure to come provided a subtler satisfaction than its realisation. This was especially the case when the pleasure was a delicate one, and on this occasion, the moment he looked forward to was particularly rare and exquisite in quality. If he had timed his arrival in accord with the prima donna’s stage manager he could not have entered the Academy at a more significant moment than just as she was singing: “He loves me--he loves me not--HE LOVES ME!--” and sprinkling the falling daisy petals with notes as clear as dew. She sang, of course, “M’ama!” and not “he loves me,” since an unalterable and unquestioned law of the musical world required that the German text of French operas sung by Swedish artists should be translated into Italian for the clearer understanding of English-speaking audiences. This seemed as natural to Newland Archer as all the other conventions on which his life was moulded: such as the duty of using two silver-backed brushes with his monogram in blue enamel to part his hair, and of never appearing in society without a flower (preferably a gardenia) in his buttonhole. adapted from The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton Strona 4 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 4.1. Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A. There was a general consensus that opera needed a more prestigious venue than the Academy. B. Regular operagoers still delighted in the familiar atmosphere of the Academy. C. The Academy concert hall was appreciated by some for its acoustics. D. Conservatives had ambivalent feelings about the “new people”. 4.2. Why did Newland Archer arrive late at the opera house? A. A family dinner he had attended coincided with the beginning of the performance. B. He wanted to manifest his lack of regard for Madame Nilsson. C. Engrossed in a book, he had lost track of time in the library. D. In his social circle it was considered appropriate. 4.3. She sang, of course, “M’ama!” and not “he loves me,” since an unalterable and unquestioned law of the musical world required that the German text of French operas sung by Swedish artists should be translated into Italian for the clearer understanding of English-speaking audiences. The above sentence is an example of the narrator’s A. prejudice. B. sense of humour. C. anxiety. D. lack of knowledge. EJAA-D0-100 Strona 5 z 18 Text 2 WATCHING THE ENGLISH I am sitting in a café near Paddington station, drinking a delicious espresso. The coffee is a real reward because I have just spent the whole morning accidentally-on-purpose bumping into people and counting the number of those who said “Sorry”. This time I gave up my usual method of getting an inconspicuous research assistant to break sacred social rules while I watch the result from a safe distance. I have bravely decided that I must be my own guinea pig. I don’t feel brave. I feel scared and exhausted. I want to abandon the whole “Englishness” project here and now, go home and lead a normal life. Why am I doing this? Good question. Perhaps I’d better explain. I am an anthropologist. We are constantly being told that the English have lost their national identity – that there is no longer such thing as “Englishness”. There has been a spate of books bemoaning this alleged identity crisis, with titles ranging from the plaintive Anyone for England? to the inconsolable England: An Elegy. However, having spent much of the past twelve years doing research on various aspects of English culture and social behaviour – in pubs, at racecourses, on trains and street corners – I am convinced that “Englishness” is not obsolete. In my book I examine the hidden, unspoken codes of conduct governing English behaviour which cut across class, age, sex, region, sub-cultures and other social boundaries. The aim of my book is to describe a “grammar” of English behaviour. Native speakers can rarely explain the grammatical rules of their own language. In the same way, those who are most “fluent” in the rituals, customs and traditions of a particular culture generally lack the detachment necessary to explain the “grammar” of these practices. This is why we have anthropologists who can do this in an objective and coherent way. Most people obey the unwritten rules of their society instinctively, without being conscious of doing so. For example, you automatically get dressed in the morning without consciously reminding yourself that there is an unspoken rule of etiquette that prohibits going to work in one’s pyjamas. But if you had an anthropologist staying with you and studying your behaviour, you would be asked: “Why are you changing your clothes?” “What would happen if you went to work in pyjamas?” “What else can’t you wear to work?” And on, and on, until you were heartily sick of it. Then other people from different groups of society would be watched and interrogated, and hundreds of nosy questions and observations later, the “grammar” of clothing and dress in your culture would eventually be deciphered. The human species is addicted to rule-making. Every human activity, without exception, including natural biological functions, is hedged about with complex sets of rules and regulations, dictating precisely when, where, with whom, and in what manner the activity may be performed. Animals just do things; they eat, mate, or play; humans make an almighty song and dance about it. This is known as “civilisation”. The rules may vary from culture to culture, but they are there. Different foods may be prohibited in different societies, but every society has food taboos. We have rules about everything. My focus on rules is therefore not some strange personal whim, but the recognition of the importance of rule-making in the human psyche. adapted from Watching the English by Kate Fox Strona 6 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 4.4. In the first paragraph, the author A. comments on her assistant’s reluctance to collect data in this project. B. explains why a café makes a perfect place for observation. C. reflects on her personal involvement in a research experiment. D. questions the reliability of her research assistant’s work. 4.5. In the second paragraph, the author suggests that she wrote the book A. to analyse the reasons for the loss of national identity. B. to debunk the social rules that govern English society. C. to contradict a belief voiced in other publications. D. to argue that unified codes of conduct no longer exist in England. 4.6. The fourth paragraph predominantly focuses on A. the technique used by anthropologists in their work. B. the cultural implications of anthropologists’ work. C. people’s attitudes to anthropologists’ inquisitiveness. D. different tricks anthropologists resort to when interviewing people. 4.7. In the context of the last paragraph, the author uses the expression humans make an almighty song and dance about it to imply that people A. apply rules from the animal world to their own behaviour. B. attach exaggerated importance to the rules they have created. C. appeal to supernatural powers as justification for certain rules. D. take for granted the superiority of their civilisation over the animal world. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 7 z 18

1. A. There was a general consensus that opera needed a more prestigious venue than the Academy.
2. B. Regular operagoers still delighted in the familiar atmosphere of the Academy.
3. C. The Academy concert hall was appreciated by some for its acoustics.
4. D. Conservatives had ambivalent feelings about the “new people”.

Why did Newland Archer arrive late at the opera house?

TASK 4. (0–7) Read two texts connected with obeying social norms. For questions 4.1.–4.7., choose the answer that best matches the text and circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Text 1 AN EVENING AT THE OPERA On a January evening in the early seventies, Christine Nilsson was singing in Faust at the Academy of Music in New York. It was Madame Nilsson’s first appearance that winter, and what the daily press described as “an exceptionally brilliant audience” had gathered to hear her. Though there was already talk of the erection of a new Opera House which would compete in costliness and splendour with those of the great European capitals, the world of fashion was still content to reassemble every winter in the shabby red and gold boxes of the sociable old Academy. Conservatives cherished it for being small and inconvenient, and thus keeping out the “new people” whom they were beginning to dread and yet be drawn to; the sentimental clung to it for its historic associations, and the musical for its acoustics, always so problematic a quality in halls built for the hearing of music. When Newland Archer opened the door at the back of the club box, the curtain had just gone up on the garden scene. There was no reason why the young man should not have come earlier, for he had dined at seven, alone with his mother and sister, and had lingered afterward over a cigar in the Gothic library with glazed black-walnut bookcases and ornately carved chairs. But New York was a metropolis, and he was perfectly aware that in metropolises it was “not the thing” for a man of his standing to arrive early at the opera; and what was or was not “the thing” played a part as important in Newland Archer’s New York as the inscrutable totem terrors that had ruled the destinies of his forefathers thousands of years ago. Newland was one of those people for whom thinking about a pleasure to come provided a subtler satisfaction than its realisation. This was especially the case when the pleasure was a delicate one, and on this occasion, the moment he looked forward to was particularly rare and exquisite in quality. If he had timed his arrival in accord with the prima donna’s stage manager he could not have entered the Academy at a more significant moment than just as she was singing: “He loves me--he loves me not--HE LOVES ME!--” and sprinkling the falling daisy petals with notes as clear as dew. She sang, of course, “M’ama!” and not “he loves me,” since an unalterable and unquestioned law of the musical world required that the German text of French operas sung by Swedish artists should be translated into Italian for the clearer understanding of English-speaking audiences. This seemed as natural to Newland Archer as all the other conventions on which his life was moulded: such as the duty of using two silver-backed brushes with his monogram in blue enamel to part his hair, and of never appearing in society without a flower (preferably a gardenia) in his buttonhole. adapted from The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton Strona 4 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 4.1. Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A. There was a general consensus that opera needed a more prestigious venue than the Academy. B. Regular operagoers still delighted in the familiar atmosphere of the Academy. C. The Academy concert hall was appreciated by some for its acoustics. D. Conservatives had ambivalent feelings about the “new people”. 4.2. Why did Newland Archer arrive late at the opera house? A. A family dinner he had attended coincided with the beginning of the performance. B. He wanted to manifest his lack of regard for Madame Nilsson. C. Engrossed in a book, he had lost track of time in the library. D. In his social circle it was considered appropriate. 4.3. She sang, of course, “M’ama!” and not “he loves me,” since an unalterable and unquestioned law of the musical world required that the German text of French operas sung by Swedish artists should be translated into Italian for the clearer understanding of English-speaking audiences. The above sentence is an example of the narrator’s A. prejudice. B. sense of humour. C. anxiety. D. lack of knowledge. EJAA-D0-100 Strona 5 z 18 Text 2 WATCHING THE ENGLISH I am sitting in a café near Paddington station, drinking a delicious espresso. The coffee is a real reward because I have just spent the whole morning accidentally-on-purpose bumping into people and counting the number of those who said “Sorry”. This time I gave up my usual method of getting an inconspicuous research assistant to break sacred social rules while I watch the result from a safe distance. I have bravely decided that I must be my own guinea pig. I don’t feel brave. I feel scared and exhausted. I want to abandon the whole “Englishness” project here and now, go home and lead a normal life. Why am I doing this? Good question. Perhaps I’d better explain. I am an anthropologist. We are constantly being told that the English have lost their national identity – that there is no longer such thing as “Englishness”. There has been a spate of books bemoaning this alleged identity crisis, with titles ranging from the plaintive Anyone for England? to the inconsolable England: An Elegy. However, having spent much of the past twelve years doing research on various aspects of English culture and social behaviour – in pubs, at racecourses, on trains and street corners – I am convinced that “Englishness” is not obsolete. In my book I examine the hidden, unspoken codes of conduct governing English behaviour which cut across class, age, sex, region, sub-cultures and other social boundaries. The aim of my book is to describe a “grammar” of English behaviour. Native speakers can rarely explain the grammatical rules of their own language. In the same way, those who are most “fluent” in the rituals, customs and traditions of a particular culture generally lack the detachment necessary to explain the “grammar” of these practices. This is why we have anthropologists who can do this in an objective and coherent way. Most people obey the unwritten rules of their society instinctively, without being conscious of doing so. For example, you automatically get dressed in the morning without consciously reminding yourself that there is an unspoken rule of etiquette that prohibits going to work in one’s pyjamas. But if you had an anthropologist staying with you and studying your behaviour, you would be asked: “Why are you changing your clothes?” “What would happen if you went to work in pyjamas?” “What else can’t you wear to work?” And on, and on, until you were heartily sick of it. Then other people from different groups of society would be watched and interrogated, and hundreds of nosy questions and observations later, the “grammar” of clothing and dress in your culture would eventually be deciphered. The human species is addicted to rule-making. Every human activity, without exception, including natural biological functions, is hedged about with complex sets of rules and regulations, dictating precisely when, where, with whom, and in what manner the activity may be performed. Animals just do things; they eat, mate, or play; humans make an almighty song and dance about it. This is known as “civilisation”. The rules may vary from culture to culture, but they are there. Different foods may be prohibited in different societies, but every society has food taboos. We have rules about everything. My focus on rules is therefore not some strange personal whim, but the recognition of the importance of rule-making in the human psyche. adapted from Watching the English by Kate Fox Strona 6 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 4.4. In the first paragraph, the author A. comments on her assistant’s reluctance to collect data in this project. B. explains why a café makes a perfect place for observation. C. reflects on her personal involvement in a research experiment. D. questions the reliability of her research assistant’s work. 4.5. In the second paragraph, the author suggests that she wrote the book A. to analyse the reasons for the loss of national identity. B. to debunk the social rules that govern English society. C. to contradict a belief voiced in other publications. D. to argue that unified codes of conduct no longer exist in England. 4.6. The fourth paragraph predominantly focuses on A. the technique used by anthropologists in their work. B. the cultural implications of anthropologists’ work. C. people’s attitudes to anthropologists’ inquisitiveness. D. different tricks anthropologists resort to when interviewing people. 4.7. In the context of the last paragraph, the author uses the expression humans make an almighty song and dance about it to imply that people A. apply rules from the animal world to their own behaviour. B. attach exaggerated importance to the rules they have created. C. appeal to supernatural powers as justification for certain rules. D. take for granted the superiority of their civilisation over the animal world. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 7 z 18

1. A. A family dinner he had attended coincided with the beginning of the performance.
2. B. He wanted to manifest his lack of regard for Madame Nilsson.
3. C. Engrossed in a book, he had lost track of time in the library.
4. D. In his social circle it was considered appropriate.

She sang, of course, “M’ama!” and not “he loves me,” since an unalterable and unquestioned law of the musical world required that the German text of French operas sung by Swedish artists should be translated into Italian for the clearer understanding of English-speaking audiences. The above sentence is an example of the narrator’s

TASK 4. (0–7) Read two texts connected with obeying social norms. For questions 4.1.–4.7., choose the answer that best matches the text and circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Text 1 AN EVENING AT THE OPERA On a January evening in the early seventies, Christine Nilsson was singing in Faust at the Academy of Music in New York. It was Madame Nilsson’s first appearance that winter, and what the daily press described as “an exceptionally brilliant audience” had gathered to hear her. Though there was already talk of the erection of a new Opera House which would compete in costliness and splendour with those of the great European capitals, the world of fashion was still content to reassemble every winter in the shabby red and gold boxes of the sociable old Academy. Conservatives cherished it for being small and inconvenient, and thus keeping out the “new people” whom they were beginning to dread and yet be drawn to; the sentimental clung to it for its historic associations, and the musical for its acoustics, always so problematic a quality in halls built for the hearing of music. When Newland Archer opened the door at the back of the club box, the curtain had just gone up on the garden scene. There was no reason why the young man should not have come earlier, for he had dined at seven, alone with his mother and sister, and had lingered afterward over a cigar in the Gothic library with glazed black-walnut bookcases and ornately carved chairs. But New York was a metropolis, and he was perfectly aware that in metropolises it was “not the thing” for a man of his standing to arrive early at the opera; and what was or was not “the thing” played a part as important in Newland Archer’s New York as the inscrutable totem terrors that had ruled the destinies of his forefathers thousands of years ago. Newland was one of those people for whom thinking about a pleasure to come provided a subtler satisfaction than its realisation. This was especially the case when the pleasure was a delicate one, and on this occasion, the moment he looked forward to was particularly rare and exquisite in quality. If he had timed his arrival in accord with the prima donna’s stage manager he could not have entered the Academy at a more significant moment than just as she was singing: “He loves me--he loves me not--HE LOVES ME!--” and sprinkling the falling daisy petals with notes as clear as dew. She sang, of course, “M’ama!” and not “he loves me,” since an unalterable and unquestioned law of the musical world required that the German text of French operas sung by Swedish artists should be translated into Italian for the clearer understanding of English-speaking audiences. This seemed as natural to Newland Archer as all the other conventions on which his life was moulded: such as the duty of using two silver-backed brushes with his monogram in blue enamel to part his hair, and of never appearing in society without a flower (preferably a gardenia) in his buttonhole. adapted from The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton Strona 4 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 4.1. Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A. There was a general consensus that opera needed a more prestigious venue than the Academy. B. Regular operagoers still delighted in the familiar atmosphere of the Academy. C. The Academy concert hall was appreciated by some for its acoustics. D. Conservatives had ambivalent feelings about the “new people”. 4.2. Why did Newland Archer arrive late at the opera house? A. A family dinner he had attended coincided with the beginning of the performance. B. He wanted to manifest his lack of regard for Madame Nilsson. C. Engrossed in a book, he had lost track of time in the library. D. In his social circle it was considered appropriate. 4.3. She sang, of course, “M’ama!” and not “he loves me,” since an unalterable and unquestioned law of the musical world required that the German text of French operas sung by Swedish artists should be translated into Italian for the clearer understanding of English-speaking audiences. The above sentence is an example of the narrator’s A. prejudice. B. sense of humour. C. anxiety. D. lack of knowledge. EJAA-D0-100 Strona 5 z 18 Text 2 WATCHING THE ENGLISH I am sitting in a café near Paddington station, drinking a delicious espresso. The coffee is a real reward because I have just spent the whole morning accidentally-on-purpose bumping into people and counting the number of those who said “Sorry”. This time I gave up my usual method of getting an inconspicuous research assistant to break sacred social rules while I watch the result from a safe distance. I have bravely decided that I must be my own guinea pig. I don’t feel brave. I feel scared and exhausted. I want to abandon the whole “Englishness” project here and now, go home and lead a normal life. Why am I doing this? Good question. Perhaps I’d better explain. I am an anthropologist. We are constantly being told that the English have lost their national identity – that there is no longer such thing as “Englishness”. There has been a spate of books bemoaning this alleged identity crisis, with titles ranging from the plaintive Anyone for England? to the inconsolable England: An Elegy. However, having spent much of the past twelve years doing research on various aspects of English culture and social behaviour – in pubs, at racecourses, on trains and street corners – I am convinced that “Englishness” is not obsolete. In my book I examine the hidden, unspoken codes of conduct governing English behaviour which cut across class, age, sex, region, sub-cultures and other social boundaries. The aim of my book is to describe a “grammar” of English behaviour. Native speakers can rarely explain the grammatical rules of their own language. In the same way, those who are most “fluent” in the rituals, customs and traditions of a particular culture generally lack the detachment necessary to explain the “grammar” of these practices. This is why we have anthropologists who can do this in an objective and coherent way. Most people obey the unwritten rules of their society instinctively, without being conscious of doing so. For example, you automatically get dressed in the morning without consciously reminding yourself that there is an unspoken rule of etiquette that prohibits going to work in one’s pyjamas. But if you had an anthropologist staying with you and studying your behaviour, you would be asked: “Why are you changing your clothes?” “What would happen if you went to work in pyjamas?” “What else can’t you wear to work?” And on, and on, until you were heartily sick of it. Then other people from different groups of society would be watched and interrogated, and hundreds of nosy questions and observations later, the “grammar” of clothing and dress in your culture would eventually be deciphered. The human species is addicted to rule-making. Every human activity, without exception, including natural biological functions, is hedged about with complex sets of rules and regulations, dictating precisely when, where, with whom, and in what manner the activity may be performed. Animals just do things; they eat, mate, or play; humans make an almighty song and dance about it. This is known as “civilisation”. The rules may vary from culture to culture, but they are there. Different foods may be prohibited in different societies, but every society has food taboos. We have rules about everything. My focus on rules is therefore not some strange personal whim, but the recognition of the importance of rule-making in the human psyche. adapted from Watching the English by Kate Fox Strona 6 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 4.4. In the first paragraph, the author A. comments on her assistant’s reluctance to collect data in this project. B. explains why a café makes a perfect place for observation. C. reflects on her personal involvement in a research experiment. D. questions the reliability of her research assistant’s work. 4.5. In the second paragraph, the author suggests that she wrote the book A. to analyse the reasons for the loss of national identity. B. to debunk the social rules that govern English society. C. to contradict a belief voiced in other publications. D. to argue that unified codes of conduct no longer exist in England. 4.6. The fourth paragraph predominantly focuses on A. the technique used by anthropologists in their work. B. the cultural implications of anthropologists’ work. C. people’s attitudes to anthropologists’ inquisitiveness. D. different tricks anthropologists resort to when interviewing people. 4.7. In the context of the last paragraph, the author uses the expression humans make an almighty song and dance about it to imply that people A. apply rules from the animal world to their own behaviour. B. attach exaggerated importance to the rules they have created. C. appeal to supernatural powers as justification for certain rules. D. take for granted the superiority of their civilisation over the animal world. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 7 z 18

1. A. prejudice.
2. B. sense of humour.
3. C. anxiety.
4. D. lack of knowledge. EJAA-D0-100 Strona 5 z 18 Text 2 WATCHING THE ENGLISH I am sitting in a café near Paddington station, drinking a delicious espresso. The coffee is a real reward because I have just spent the whole morning accidentally-on-purpose bumping into people and counting the number of those who said “Sorry”. This time I gave up my usual method of getting an inconspicuous research assistant to break sacred social rules while I watch the result from a safe distance. I have bravely decided that I must be my own guinea pig. I don’t feel brave. I feel scared and exhausted. I want to abandon the whole “Englishness” project here and now, go home and lead a normal life. Why am I doing this? Good question. Perhaps I’d better explain. I am an anthropologist. We are constantly being told that the English have lost their national identity – that there is no longer such thing as “Englishness”. There has been a spate of books bemoaning this alleged identity crisis, with titles ranging from the plaintive Anyone for England? to the inconsolable England: An Elegy. However, having spent much of the past twelve years doing research on various aspects of English culture and social behaviour – in pubs, at racecourses, on trains and street corners – I am convinced that “Englishness” is not obsolete. In my book I examine the hidden, unspoken codes of conduct governing English behaviour which cut across class, age, sex, region, sub-cultures and other social boundaries. The aim of my book is to describe a “grammar” of English behaviour. Native speakers can rarely explain the grammatical rules of their own language. In the same way, those who are most “fluent” in the rituals, customs and traditions of a particular culture generally lack the detachment necessary to explain the “grammar” of these practices. This is why we have anthropologists who can do this in an objective and coherent way. Most people obey the unwritten rules of their society instinctively, without being conscious of doing so. For example, you automatically get dressed in the morning without consciously reminding yourself that there is an unspoken rule of etiquette that prohibits going to work in one’s pyjamas. But if you had an anthropologist staying with you and studying your behaviour, you would be asked: “Why are you changing your clothes?” “What would happen if you went to work in pyjamas?” “What else can’t you wear to work?” And on, and on, until you were heartily sick of it. Then other people from different groups of society would be watched and interrogated, and hundreds of nosy questions and observations later, the “grammar” of clothing and dress in your culture would eventually be deciphered. The human species is addicted to rule-making. Every human activity, without exception, including natural biological functions, is hedged about with complex sets of rules and regulations, dictating precisely when, where, with whom, and in what manner the activity may be performed. Animals just do things; they eat, mate, or play; humans make an almighty song and dance about it. This is known as “civilisation”. The rules may vary from culture to culture, but they are there. Different foods may be prohibited in different societies, but every society has food taboos. We have rules about everything. My focus on rules is therefore not some strange personal whim, but the recognition of the importance of rule-making in the human psyche. adapted from Watching the English by Kate Fox

In the first paragraph, the author

TASK 4. (0–7) Read two texts connected with obeying social norms. For questions 4.1.–4.7., choose the answer that best matches the text and circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Text 1 AN EVENING AT THE OPERA On a January evening in the early seventies, Christine Nilsson was singing in Faust at the Academy of Music in New York. It was Madame Nilsson’s first appearance that winter, and what the daily press described as “an exceptionally brilliant audience” had gathered to hear her. Though there was already talk of the erection of a new Opera House which would compete in costliness and splendour with those of the great European capitals, the world of fashion was still content to reassemble every winter in the shabby red and gold boxes of the sociable old Academy. Conservatives cherished it for being small and inconvenient, and thus keeping out the “new people” whom they were beginning to dread and yet be drawn to; the sentimental clung to it for its historic associations, and the musical for its acoustics, always so problematic a quality in halls built for the hearing of music. When Newland Archer opened the door at the back of the club box, the curtain had just gone up on the garden scene. There was no reason why the young man should not have come earlier, for he had dined at seven, alone with his mother and sister, and had lingered afterward over a cigar in the Gothic library with glazed black-walnut bookcases and ornately carved chairs. But New York was a metropolis, and he was perfectly aware that in metropolises it was “not the thing” for a man of his standing to arrive early at the opera; and what was or was not “the thing” played a part as important in Newland Archer’s New York as the inscrutable totem terrors that had ruled the destinies of his forefathers thousands of years ago. Newland was one of those people for whom thinking about a pleasure to come provided a subtler satisfaction than its realisation. This was especially the case when the pleasure was a delicate one, and on this occasion, the moment he looked forward to was particularly rare and exquisite in quality. If he had timed his arrival in accord with the prima donna’s stage manager he could not have entered the Academy at a more significant moment than just as she was singing: “He loves me--he loves me not--HE LOVES ME!--” and sprinkling the falling daisy petals with notes as clear as dew. She sang, of course, “M’ama!” and not “he loves me,” since an unalterable and unquestioned law of the musical world required that the German text of French operas sung by Swedish artists should be translated into Italian for the clearer understanding of English-speaking audiences. This seemed as natural to Newland Archer as all the other conventions on which his life was moulded: such as the duty of using two silver-backed brushes with his monogram in blue enamel to part his hair, and of never appearing in society without a flower (preferably a gardenia) in his buttonhole. adapted from The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton Strona 4 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 4.1. Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A. There was a general consensus that opera needed a more prestigious venue than the Academy. B. Regular operagoers still delighted in the familiar atmosphere of the Academy. C. The Academy concert hall was appreciated by some for its acoustics. D. Conservatives had ambivalent feelings about the “new people”. 4.2. Why did Newland Archer arrive late at the opera house? A. A family dinner he had attended coincided with the beginning of the performance. B. He wanted to manifest his lack of regard for Madame Nilsson. C. Engrossed in a book, he had lost track of time in the library. D. In his social circle it was considered appropriate. 4.3. She sang, of course, “M’ama!” and not “he loves me,” since an unalterable and unquestioned law of the musical world required that the German text of French operas sung by Swedish artists should be translated into Italian for the clearer understanding of English-speaking audiences. The above sentence is an example of the narrator’s A. prejudice. B. sense of humour. C. anxiety. D. lack of knowledge. EJAA-D0-100 Strona 5 z 18 Text 2 WATCHING THE ENGLISH I am sitting in a café near Paddington station, drinking a delicious espresso. The coffee is a real reward because I have just spent the whole morning accidentally-on-purpose bumping into people and counting the number of those who said “Sorry”. This time I gave up my usual method of getting an inconspicuous research assistant to break sacred social rules while I watch the result from a safe distance. I have bravely decided that I must be my own guinea pig. I don’t feel brave. I feel scared and exhausted. I want to abandon the whole “Englishness” project here and now, go home and lead a normal life. Why am I doing this? Good question. Perhaps I’d better explain. I am an anthropologist. We are constantly being told that the English have lost their national identity – that there is no longer such thing as “Englishness”. There has been a spate of books bemoaning this alleged identity crisis, with titles ranging from the plaintive Anyone for England? to the inconsolable England: An Elegy. However, having spent much of the past twelve years doing research on various aspects of English culture and social behaviour – in pubs, at racecourses, on trains and street corners – I am convinced that “Englishness” is not obsolete. In my book I examine the hidden, unspoken codes of conduct governing English behaviour which cut across class, age, sex, region, sub-cultures and other social boundaries. The aim of my book is to describe a “grammar” of English behaviour. Native speakers can rarely explain the grammatical rules of their own language. In the same way, those who are most “fluent” in the rituals, customs and traditions of a particular culture generally lack the detachment necessary to explain the “grammar” of these practices. This is why we have anthropologists who can do this in an objective and coherent way. Most people obey the unwritten rules of their society instinctively, without being conscious of doing so. For example, you automatically get dressed in the morning without consciously reminding yourself that there is an unspoken rule of etiquette that prohibits going to work in one’s pyjamas. But if you had an anthropologist staying with you and studying your behaviour, you would be asked: “Why are you changing your clothes?” “What would happen if you went to work in pyjamas?” “What else can’t you wear to work?” And on, and on, until you were heartily sick of it. Then other people from different groups of society would be watched and interrogated, and hundreds of nosy questions and observations later, the “grammar” of clothing and dress in your culture would eventually be deciphered. The human species is addicted to rule-making. Every human activity, without exception, including natural biological functions, is hedged about with complex sets of rules and regulations, dictating precisely when, where, with whom, and in what manner the activity may be performed. Animals just do things; they eat, mate, or play; humans make an almighty song and dance about it. This is known as “civilisation”. The rules may vary from culture to culture, but they are there. Different foods may be prohibited in different societies, but every society has food taboos. We have rules about everything. My focus on rules is therefore not some strange personal whim, but the recognition of the importance of rule-making in the human psyche. adapted from Watching the English by Kate Fox Strona 6 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 4.4. In the first paragraph, the author A. comments on her assistant’s reluctance to collect data in this project. B. explains why a café makes a perfect place for observation. C. reflects on her personal involvement in a research experiment. D. questions the reliability of her research assistant’s work. 4.5. In the second paragraph, the author suggests that she wrote the book A. to analyse the reasons for the loss of national identity. B. to debunk the social rules that govern English society. C. to contradict a belief voiced in other publications. D. to argue that unified codes of conduct no longer exist in England. 4.6. The fourth paragraph predominantly focuses on A. the technique used by anthropologists in their work. B. the cultural implications of anthropologists’ work. C. people’s attitudes to anthropologists’ inquisitiveness. D. different tricks anthropologists resort to when interviewing people. 4.7. In the context of the last paragraph, the author uses the expression humans make an almighty song and dance about it to imply that people A. apply rules from the animal world to their own behaviour. B. attach exaggerated importance to the rules they have created. C. appeal to supernatural powers as justification for certain rules. D. take for granted the superiority of their civilisation over the animal world. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 7 z 18

1. A. comments on her assistant’s reluctance to collect data in this project.
2. B. explains why a café makes a perfect place for observation.
3. C. reflects on her personal involvement in a research experiment.
4. D. questions the reliability of her research assistant’s work.

In the second paragraph, the author suggests that she wrote the book

TASK 4. (0–7) Read two texts connected with obeying social norms. For questions 4.1.–4.7., choose the answer that best matches the text and circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Text 1 AN EVENING AT THE OPERA On a January evening in the early seventies, Christine Nilsson was singing in Faust at the Academy of Music in New York. It was Madame Nilsson’s first appearance that winter, and what the daily press described as “an exceptionally brilliant audience” had gathered to hear her. Though there was already talk of the erection of a new Opera House which would compete in costliness and splendour with those of the great European capitals, the world of fashion was still content to reassemble every winter in the shabby red and gold boxes of the sociable old Academy. Conservatives cherished it for being small and inconvenient, and thus keeping out the “new people” whom they were beginning to dread and yet be drawn to; the sentimental clung to it for its historic associations, and the musical for its acoustics, always so problematic a quality in halls built for the hearing of music. When Newland Archer opened the door at the back of the club box, the curtain had just gone up on the garden scene. There was no reason why the young man should not have come earlier, for he had dined at seven, alone with his mother and sister, and had lingered afterward over a cigar in the Gothic library with glazed black-walnut bookcases and ornately carved chairs. But New York was a metropolis, and he was perfectly aware that in metropolises it was “not the thing” for a man of his standing to arrive early at the opera; and what was or was not “the thing” played a part as important in Newland Archer’s New York as the inscrutable totem terrors that had ruled the destinies of his forefathers thousands of years ago. Newland was one of those people for whom thinking about a pleasure to come provided a subtler satisfaction than its realisation. This was especially the case when the pleasure was a delicate one, and on this occasion, the moment he looked forward to was particularly rare and exquisite in quality. If he had timed his arrival in accord with the prima donna’s stage manager he could not have entered the Academy at a more significant moment than just as she was singing: “He loves me--he loves me not--HE LOVES ME!--” and sprinkling the falling daisy petals with notes as clear as dew. She sang, of course, “M’ama!” and not “he loves me,” since an unalterable and unquestioned law of the musical world required that the German text of French operas sung by Swedish artists should be translated into Italian for the clearer understanding of English-speaking audiences. This seemed as natural to Newland Archer as all the other conventions on which his life was moulded: such as the duty of using two silver-backed brushes with his monogram in blue enamel to part his hair, and of never appearing in society without a flower (preferably a gardenia) in his buttonhole. adapted from The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton Strona 4 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 4.1. Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A. There was a general consensus that opera needed a more prestigious venue than the Academy. B. Regular operagoers still delighted in the familiar atmosphere of the Academy. C. The Academy concert hall was appreciated by some for its acoustics. D. Conservatives had ambivalent feelings about the “new people”. 4.2. Why did Newland Archer arrive late at the opera house? A. A family dinner he had attended coincided with the beginning of the performance. B. He wanted to manifest his lack of regard for Madame Nilsson. C. Engrossed in a book, he had lost track of time in the library. D. In his social circle it was considered appropriate. 4.3. She sang, of course, “M’ama!” and not “he loves me,” since an unalterable and unquestioned law of the musical world required that the German text of French operas sung by Swedish artists should be translated into Italian for the clearer understanding of English-speaking audiences. The above sentence is an example of the narrator’s A. prejudice. B. sense of humour. C. anxiety. D. lack of knowledge. EJAA-D0-100 Strona 5 z 18 Text 2 WATCHING THE ENGLISH I am sitting in a café near Paddington station, drinking a delicious espresso. The coffee is a real reward because I have just spent the whole morning accidentally-on-purpose bumping into people and counting the number of those who said “Sorry”. This time I gave up my usual method of getting an inconspicuous research assistant to break sacred social rules while I watch the result from a safe distance. I have bravely decided that I must be my own guinea pig. I don’t feel brave. I feel scared and exhausted. I want to abandon the whole “Englishness” project here and now, go home and lead a normal life. Why am I doing this? Good question. Perhaps I’d better explain. I am an anthropologist. We are constantly being told that the English have lost their national identity – that there is no longer such thing as “Englishness”. There has been a spate of books bemoaning this alleged identity crisis, with titles ranging from the plaintive Anyone for England? to the inconsolable England: An Elegy. However, having spent much of the past twelve years doing research on various aspects of English culture and social behaviour – in pubs, at racecourses, on trains and street corners – I am convinced that “Englishness” is not obsolete. In my book I examine the hidden, unspoken codes of conduct governing English behaviour which cut across class, age, sex, region, sub-cultures and other social boundaries. The aim of my book is to describe a “grammar” of English behaviour. Native speakers can rarely explain the grammatical rules of their own language. In the same way, those who are most “fluent” in the rituals, customs and traditions of a particular culture generally lack the detachment necessary to explain the “grammar” of these practices. This is why we have anthropologists who can do this in an objective and coherent way. Most people obey the unwritten rules of their society instinctively, without being conscious of doing so. For example, you automatically get dressed in the morning without consciously reminding yourself that there is an unspoken rule of etiquette that prohibits going to work in one’s pyjamas. But if you had an anthropologist staying with you and studying your behaviour, you would be asked: “Why are you changing your clothes?” “What would happen if you went to work in pyjamas?” “What else can’t you wear to work?” And on, and on, until you were heartily sick of it. Then other people from different groups of society would be watched and interrogated, and hundreds of nosy questions and observations later, the “grammar” of clothing and dress in your culture would eventually be deciphered. The human species is addicted to rule-making. Every human activity, without exception, including natural biological functions, is hedged about with complex sets of rules and regulations, dictating precisely when, where, with whom, and in what manner the activity may be performed. Animals just do things; they eat, mate, or play; humans make an almighty song and dance about it. This is known as “civilisation”. The rules may vary from culture to culture, but they are there. Different foods may be prohibited in different societies, but every society has food taboos. We have rules about everything. My focus on rules is therefore not some strange personal whim, but the recognition of the importance of rule-making in the human psyche. adapted from Watching the English by Kate Fox Strona 6 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 4.4. In the first paragraph, the author A. comments on her assistant’s reluctance to collect data in this project. B. explains why a café makes a perfect place for observation. C. reflects on her personal involvement in a research experiment. D. questions the reliability of her research assistant’s work. 4.5. In the second paragraph, the author suggests that she wrote the book A. to analyse the reasons for the loss of national identity. B. to debunk the social rules that govern English society. C. to contradict a belief voiced in other publications. D. to argue that unified codes of conduct no longer exist in England. 4.6. The fourth paragraph predominantly focuses on A. the technique used by anthropologists in their work. B. the cultural implications of anthropologists’ work. C. people’s attitudes to anthropologists’ inquisitiveness. D. different tricks anthropologists resort to when interviewing people. 4.7. In the context of the last paragraph, the author uses the expression humans make an almighty song and dance about it to imply that people A. apply rules from the animal world to their own behaviour. B. attach exaggerated importance to the rules they have created. C. appeal to supernatural powers as justification for certain rules. D. take for granted the superiority of their civilisation over the animal world. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 7 z 18

1. A. to analyse the reasons for the loss of national identity.
2. B. to debunk the social rules that govern English society.
3. C. to contradict a belief voiced in other publications.
4. D. to argue that unified codes of conduct no longer exist in England.

The fourth paragraph predominantly focuses on

TASK 4. (0–7) Read two texts connected with obeying social norms. For questions 4.1.–4.7., choose the answer that best matches the text and circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Text 1 AN EVENING AT THE OPERA On a January evening in the early seventies, Christine Nilsson was singing in Faust at the Academy of Music in New York. It was Madame Nilsson’s first appearance that winter, and what the daily press described as “an exceptionally brilliant audience” had gathered to hear her. Though there was already talk of the erection of a new Opera House which would compete in costliness and splendour with those of the great European capitals, the world of fashion was still content to reassemble every winter in the shabby red and gold boxes of the sociable old Academy. Conservatives cherished it for being small and inconvenient, and thus keeping out the “new people” whom they were beginning to dread and yet be drawn to; the sentimental clung to it for its historic associations, and the musical for its acoustics, always so problematic a quality in halls built for the hearing of music. When Newland Archer opened the door at the back of the club box, the curtain had just gone up on the garden scene. There was no reason why the young man should not have come earlier, for he had dined at seven, alone with his mother and sister, and had lingered afterward over a cigar in the Gothic library with glazed black-walnut bookcases and ornately carved chairs. But New York was a metropolis, and he was perfectly aware that in metropolises it was “not the thing” for a man of his standing to arrive early at the opera; and what was or was not “the thing” played a part as important in Newland Archer’s New York as the inscrutable totem terrors that had ruled the destinies of his forefathers thousands of years ago. Newland was one of those people for whom thinking about a pleasure to come provided a subtler satisfaction than its realisation. This was especially the case when the pleasure was a delicate one, and on this occasion, the moment he looked forward to was particularly rare and exquisite in quality. If he had timed his arrival in accord with the prima donna’s stage manager he could not have entered the Academy at a more significant moment than just as she was singing: “He loves me--he loves me not--HE LOVES ME!--” and sprinkling the falling daisy petals with notes as clear as dew. She sang, of course, “M’ama!” and not “he loves me,” since an unalterable and unquestioned law of the musical world required that the German text of French operas sung by Swedish artists should be translated into Italian for the clearer understanding of English-speaking audiences. This seemed as natural to Newland Archer as all the other conventions on which his life was moulded: such as the duty of using two silver-backed brushes with his monogram in blue enamel to part his hair, and of never appearing in society without a flower (preferably a gardenia) in his buttonhole. adapted from The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton Strona 4 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 4.1. Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A. There was a general consensus that opera needed a more prestigious venue than the Academy. B. Regular operagoers still delighted in the familiar atmosphere of the Academy. C. The Academy concert hall was appreciated by some for its acoustics. D. Conservatives had ambivalent feelings about the “new people”. 4.2. Why did Newland Archer arrive late at the opera house? A. A family dinner he had attended coincided with the beginning of the performance. B. He wanted to manifest his lack of regard for Madame Nilsson. C. Engrossed in a book, he had lost track of time in the library. D. In his social circle it was considered appropriate. 4.3. She sang, of course, “M’ama!” and not “he loves me,” since an unalterable and unquestioned law of the musical world required that the German text of French operas sung by Swedish artists should be translated into Italian for the clearer understanding of English-speaking audiences. The above sentence is an example of the narrator’s A. prejudice. B. sense of humour. C. anxiety. D. lack of knowledge. EJAA-D0-100 Strona 5 z 18 Text 2 WATCHING THE ENGLISH I am sitting in a café near Paddington station, drinking a delicious espresso. The coffee is a real reward because I have just spent the whole morning accidentally-on-purpose bumping into people and counting the number of those who said “Sorry”. This time I gave up my usual method of getting an inconspicuous research assistant to break sacred social rules while I watch the result from a safe distance. I have bravely decided that I must be my own guinea pig. I don’t feel brave. I feel scared and exhausted. I want to abandon the whole “Englishness” project here and now, go home and lead a normal life. Why am I doing this? Good question. Perhaps I’d better explain. I am an anthropologist. We are constantly being told that the English have lost their national identity – that there is no longer such thing as “Englishness”. There has been a spate of books bemoaning this alleged identity crisis, with titles ranging from the plaintive Anyone for England? to the inconsolable England: An Elegy. However, having spent much of the past twelve years doing research on various aspects of English culture and social behaviour – in pubs, at racecourses, on trains and street corners – I am convinced that “Englishness” is not obsolete. In my book I examine the hidden, unspoken codes of conduct governing English behaviour which cut across class, age, sex, region, sub-cultures and other social boundaries. The aim of my book is to describe a “grammar” of English behaviour. Native speakers can rarely explain the grammatical rules of their own language. In the same way, those who are most “fluent” in the rituals, customs and traditions of a particular culture generally lack the detachment necessary to explain the “grammar” of these practices. This is why we have anthropologists who can do this in an objective and coherent way. Most people obey the unwritten rules of their society instinctively, without being conscious of doing so. For example, you automatically get dressed in the morning without consciously reminding yourself that there is an unspoken rule of etiquette that prohibits going to work in one’s pyjamas. But if you had an anthropologist staying with you and studying your behaviour, you would be asked: “Why are you changing your clothes?” “What would happen if you went to work in pyjamas?” “What else can’t you wear to work?” And on, and on, until you were heartily sick of it. Then other people from different groups of society would be watched and interrogated, and hundreds of nosy questions and observations later, the “grammar” of clothing and dress in your culture would eventually be deciphered. The human species is addicted to rule-making. Every human activity, without exception, including natural biological functions, is hedged about with complex sets of rules and regulations, dictating precisely when, where, with whom, and in what manner the activity may be performed. Animals just do things; they eat, mate, or play; humans make an almighty song and dance about it. This is known as “civilisation”. The rules may vary from culture to culture, but they are there. Different foods may be prohibited in different societies, but every society has food taboos. We have rules about everything. My focus on rules is therefore not some strange personal whim, but the recognition of the importance of rule-making in the human psyche. adapted from Watching the English by Kate Fox Strona 6 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 4.4. In the first paragraph, the author A. comments on her assistant’s reluctance to collect data in this project. B. explains why a café makes a perfect place for observation. C. reflects on her personal involvement in a research experiment. D. questions the reliability of her research assistant’s work. 4.5. In the second paragraph, the author suggests that she wrote the book A. to analyse the reasons for the loss of national identity. B. to debunk the social rules that govern English society. C. to contradict a belief voiced in other publications. D. to argue that unified codes of conduct no longer exist in England. 4.6. The fourth paragraph predominantly focuses on A. the technique used by anthropologists in their work. B. the cultural implications of anthropologists’ work. C. people’s attitudes to anthropologists’ inquisitiveness. D. different tricks anthropologists resort to when interviewing people. 4.7. In the context of the last paragraph, the author uses the expression humans make an almighty song and dance about it to imply that people A. apply rules from the animal world to their own behaviour. B. attach exaggerated importance to the rules they have created. C. appeal to supernatural powers as justification for certain rules. D. take for granted the superiority of their civilisation over the animal world. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 7 z 18

1. A. the technique used by anthropologists in their work.
2. B. the cultural implications of anthropologists’ work.
3. C. people’s attitudes to anthropologists’ inquisitiveness.
4. D. different tricks anthropologists resort to when interviewing people.

In the context of the last paragraph, the author uses the expression humans make an almighty song and dance about it to imply that people

TASK 4. (0–7) Read two texts connected with obeying social norms. For questions 4.1.–4.7., choose the answer that best matches the text and circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Text 1 AN EVENING AT THE OPERA On a January evening in the early seventies, Christine Nilsson was singing in Faust at the Academy of Music in New York. It was Madame Nilsson’s first appearance that winter, and what the daily press described as “an exceptionally brilliant audience” had gathered to hear her. Though there was already talk of the erection of a new Opera House which would compete in costliness and splendour with those of the great European capitals, the world of fashion was still content to reassemble every winter in the shabby red and gold boxes of the sociable old Academy. Conservatives cherished it for being small and inconvenient, and thus keeping out the “new people” whom they were beginning to dread and yet be drawn to; the sentimental clung to it for its historic associations, and the musical for its acoustics, always so problematic a quality in halls built for the hearing of music. When Newland Archer opened the door at the back of the club box, the curtain had just gone up on the garden scene. There was no reason why the young man should not have come earlier, for he had dined at seven, alone with his mother and sister, and had lingered afterward over a cigar in the Gothic library with glazed black-walnut bookcases and ornately carved chairs. But New York was a metropolis, and he was perfectly aware that in metropolises it was “not the thing” for a man of his standing to arrive early at the opera; and what was or was not “the thing” played a part as important in Newland Archer’s New York as the inscrutable totem terrors that had ruled the destinies of his forefathers thousands of years ago. Newland was one of those people for whom thinking about a pleasure to come provided a subtler satisfaction than its realisation. This was especially the case when the pleasure was a delicate one, and on this occasion, the moment he looked forward to was particularly rare and exquisite in quality. If he had timed his arrival in accord with the prima donna’s stage manager he could not have entered the Academy at a more significant moment than just as she was singing: “He loves me--he loves me not--HE LOVES ME!--” and sprinkling the falling daisy petals with notes as clear as dew. She sang, of course, “M’ama!” and not “he loves me,” since an unalterable and unquestioned law of the musical world required that the German text of French operas sung by Swedish artists should be translated into Italian for the clearer understanding of English-speaking audiences. This seemed as natural to Newland Archer as all the other conventions on which his life was moulded: such as the duty of using two silver-backed brushes with his monogram in blue enamel to part his hair, and of never appearing in society without a flower (preferably a gardenia) in his buttonhole. adapted from The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton Strona 4 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 4.1. Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A. There was a general consensus that opera needed a more prestigious venue than the Academy. B. Regular operagoers still delighted in the familiar atmosphere of the Academy. C. The Academy concert hall was appreciated by some for its acoustics. D. Conservatives had ambivalent feelings about the “new people”. 4.2. Why did Newland Archer arrive late at the opera house? A. A family dinner he had attended coincided with the beginning of the performance. B. He wanted to manifest his lack of regard for Madame Nilsson. C. Engrossed in a book, he had lost track of time in the library. D. In his social circle it was considered appropriate. 4.3. She sang, of course, “M’ama!” and not “he loves me,” since an unalterable and unquestioned law of the musical world required that the German text of French operas sung by Swedish artists should be translated into Italian for the clearer understanding of English-speaking audiences. The above sentence is an example of the narrator’s A. prejudice. B. sense of humour. C. anxiety. D. lack of knowledge. EJAA-D0-100 Strona 5 z 18 Text 2 WATCHING THE ENGLISH I am sitting in a café near Paddington station, drinking a delicious espresso. The coffee is a real reward because I have just spent the whole morning accidentally-on-purpose bumping into people and counting the number of those who said “Sorry”. This time I gave up my usual method of getting an inconspicuous research assistant to break sacred social rules while I watch the result from a safe distance. I have bravely decided that I must be my own guinea pig. I don’t feel brave. I feel scared and exhausted. I want to abandon the whole “Englishness” project here and now, go home and lead a normal life. Why am I doing this? Good question. Perhaps I’d better explain. I am an anthropologist. We are constantly being told that the English have lost their national identity – that there is no longer such thing as “Englishness”. There has been a spate of books bemoaning this alleged identity crisis, with titles ranging from the plaintive Anyone for England? to the inconsolable England: An Elegy. However, having spent much of the past twelve years doing research on various aspects of English culture and social behaviour – in pubs, at racecourses, on trains and street corners – I am convinced that “Englishness” is not obsolete. In my book I examine the hidden, unspoken codes of conduct governing English behaviour which cut across class, age, sex, region, sub-cultures and other social boundaries. The aim of my book is to describe a “grammar” of English behaviour. Native speakers can rarely explain the grammatical rules of their own language. In the same way, those who are most “fluent” in the rituals, customs and traditions of a particular culture generally lack the detachment necessary to explain the “grammar” of these practices. This is why we have anthropologists who can do this in an objective and coherent way. Most people obey the unwritten rules of their society instinctively, without being conscious of doing so. For example, you automatically get dressed in the morning without consciously reminding yourself that there is an unspoken rule of etiquette that prohibits going to work in one’s pyjamas. But if you had an anthropologist staying with you and studying your behaviour, you would be asked: “Why are you changing your clothes?” “What would happen if you went to work in pyjamas?” “What else can’t you wear to work?” And on, and on, until you were heartily sick of it. Then other people from different groups of society would be watched and interrogated, and hundreds of nosy questions and observations later, the “grammar” of clothing and dress in your culture would eventually be deciphered. The human species is addicted to rule-making. Every human activity, without exception, including natural biological functions, is hedged about with complex sets of rules and regulations, dictating precisely when, where, with whom, and in what manner the activity may be performed. Animals just do things; they eat, mate, or play; humans make an almighty song and dance about it. This is known as “civilisation”. The rules may vary from culture to culture, but they are there. Different foods may be prohibited in different societies, but every society has food taboos. We have rules about everything. My focus on rules is therefore not some strange personal whim, but the recognition of the importance of rule-making in the human psyche. adapted from Watching the English by Kate Fox Strona 6 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 4.4. In the first paragraph, the author A. comments on her assistant’s reluctance to collect data in this project. B. explains why a café makes a perfect place for observation. C. reflects on her personal involvement in a research experiment. D. questions the reliability of her research assistant’s work. 4.5. In the second paragraph, the author suggests that she wrote the book A. to analyse the reasons for the loss of national identity. B. to debunk the social rules that govern English society. C. to contradict a belief voiced in other publications. D. to argue that unified codes of conduct no longer exist in England. 4.6. The fourth paragraph predominantly focuses on A. the technique used by anthropologists in their work. B. the cultural implications of anthropologists’ work. C. people’s attitudes to anthropologists’ inquisitiveness. D. different tricks anthropologists resort to when interviewing people. 4.7. In the context of the last paragraph, the author uses the expression humans make an almighty song and dance about it to imply that people A. apply rules from the animal world to their own behaviour. B. attach exaggerated importance to the rules they have created. C. appeal to supernatural powers as justification for certain rules. D. take for granted the superiority of their civilisation over the animal world. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 7 z 18

1. A. apply rules from the animal world to their own behaviour.
2. B. attach exaggerated importance to the rules they have created.
3. C. appeal to supernatural powers as justification for certain rules.
4. D. take for granted the superiority of their civilisation over the animal world. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 7 z 18

TASK 5. (0–4) Read the article. Four fragments have been removed from the text. Complete each gap (5.1.–5.4.) with the fragment which fits best and put the appropriate letter (A–E) in each gap. There is one fragment which you do not need to use. BANKSY AUCTION STUNT LEAVES ART WORLD IN SHREDS The art world experienced shockwaves on 5th October 2018, as the dramatic news broke. The mysterious street artist known as Banksy made history when one of his paintings, Girl with Balloon, partially shredded itself minutes after being purchased for $1.4 million at a Sotheby’s auction. 5.1. _____ Did the painting become worthless? What was the point of this prank? The event has opened a range of questions which still remain unanswered. Until that memorable evening, the world’s most famous self-destructing work of art had been Jean Tinguely’s Homage to New York. The Swiss artist’s sculpture − a motorized contraption which was twenty-seven-feet tall and incorporated a bathtub, a self-playing piano, drums, a go-kart, a weather balloon, and much more − went up in smoke in the garden at MOMA in 1960, as a couple of hundred people looked on. Before the piece was able to fully destroy itself, the fire department stepped in. 5.2. _____ It would be interesting to know if anyone ever paid it. The self-destruction of Banksy’s Girl with Balloon, like that of Tinguely’s sculpture, was halted before the job was complete. The stunt could have been intended to mock the spectacle of art being reduced to a price tag. 5.3. _____ The fact that he immediately posted on Instagram a video of the stunt which received nearly nine million views within a week is arguably another proof of his attention seeking. The clip, which also purports to show Banksy concealing a shredder inside the painting’s thick frame years ago when the painting was completed, is captioned with the quote, “The urge to destroy is also a creative urge.” While a buyer would normally be disappointed, to say the least, after a new purchase self-destructed, it wasn’t the case on this occasion. 5.4. _____ At the same time the enigmatic artist confirmed his legendary status, creating rabid demand for his works. Sheer genius! Everybody gains. And on top of that a new verb has entered the English lexicon — to “Banksy” – which means to make a creative leap that breaks the mold and begins a remarkable new conversation. adapted from https://www.newyorker.com; https://eu.freep.com Strona 8 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 A. By letting his work burn, the artist made a powerful statement in a perfectly set stage. Although this critique of art-world commerce set tongues wagging, it is debatable whether it could rise above an empty gesture and actually change anything. B. An eyewitness later related what followed. “Out of the audience stepped a man who presented the artist with a document the latter took to be an expression of artistic enthusiasm, but which turned out to be a fine for disturbing the peace and violating the health and safety regulations.” C. This dramatic finale to the evening sale, which took place during the climax of the busiest week in the London art market, left the art world stunned, but at the same time also puzzled. D. Banksy’s Girl with Balloon had been increasing in value by about 20% a year and the stunt at the auction would only propel this further, thus ensuring the new owner a significant return on their investment. E. But since it was clearly also a bid for more notoriety, a cynic might rather call this Banksy’s most successful artwork yet. For an artist allegedly bent on maintaining anonymity, Banksy does not shy away from the limelight. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 9 z 18

1. A. By letting his work burn, the artist made a powerful statement in a perfectly set stage. Although this critique of art-world commerce set tongues wagging, it is debatable whether it could rise above an empty gesture and actually change anything.
2. B. An eyewitness later related what followed. “Out of the audience stepped a man who presented the artist with a document the latter took to be an expression of artistic enthusiasm, but which turned out to be a fine for disturbing the peace and violating the health and safety regulations.”
3. C. This dramatic finale to the evening sale, which took place during the climax of the busiest week in the London art market, left the art world stunned, but at the same time also puzzled.
4. D. Banksy’s Girl with Balloon had been increasing in value by about 20% a year and the stunt at the auction would only propel this further, thus ensuring the new owner a significant return on their investment.
5. E. But since it was clearly also a bid for more notoriety, a cynic might rather call this Banksy’s most successful artwork yet. For an artist allegedly bent on maintaining anonymity, Banksy does not shy away from the limelight. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 9 z 18

TASK 5. (0–4) Read the article. Four fragments have been removed from the text. Complete each gap (5.1.–5.4.) with the fragment which fits best and put the appropriate letter (A–E) in each gap. There is one fragment which you do not need to use. BANKSY AUCTION STUNT LEAVES ART WORLD IN SHREDS The art world experienced shockwaves on 5th October 2018, as the dramatic news broke. The mysterious street artist known as Banksy made history when one of his paintings, Girl with Balloon, partially shredded itself minutes after being purchased for $1.4 million at a Sotheby’s auction. 5.1. _____ Did the painting become worthless? What was the point of this prank? The event has opened a range of questions which still remain unanswered. Until that memorable evening, the world’s most famous self-destructing work of art had been Jean Tinguely’s Homage to New York. The Swiss artist’s sculpture − a motorized contraption which was twenty-seven-feet tall and incorporated a bathtub, a self-playing piano, drums, a go-kart, a weather balloon, and much more − went up in smoke in the garden at MOMA in 1960, as a couple of hundred people looked on. Before the piece was able to fully destroy itself, the fire department stepped in. 5.2. _____ It would be interesting to know if anyone ever paid it. The self-destruction of Banksy’s Girl with Balloon, like that of Tinguely’s sculpture, was halted before the job was complete. The stunt could have been intended to mock the spectacle of art being reduced to a price tag. 5.3. _____ The fact that he immediately posted on Instagram a video of the stunt which received nearly nine million views within a week is arguably another proof of his attention seeking. The clip, which also purports to show Banksy concealing a shredder inside the painting’s thick frame years ago when the painting was completed, is captioned with the quote, “The urge to destroy is also a creative urge.” While a buyer would normally be disappointed, to say the least, after a new purchase self-destructed, it wasn’t the case on this occasion. 5.4. _____ At the same time the enigmatic artist confirmed his legendary status, creating rabid demand for his works. Sheer genius! Everybody gains. And on top of that a new verb has entered the English lexicon — to “Banksy” – which means to make a creative leap that breaks the mold and begins a remarkable new conversation. adapted from https://www.newyorker.com; https://eu.freep.com Strona 8 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 A. By letting his work burn, the artist made a powerful statement in a perfectly set stage. Although this critique of art-world commerce set tongues wagging, it is debatable whether it could rise above an empty gesture and actually change anything. B. An eyewitness later related what followed. “Out of the audience stepped a man who presented the artist with a document the latter took to be an expression of artistic enthusiasm, but which turned out to be a fine for disturbing the peace and violating the health and safety regulations.” C. This dramatic finale to the evening sale, which took place during the climax of the busiest week in the London art market, left the art world stunned, but at the same time also puzzled. D. Banksy’s Girl with Balloon had been increasing in value by about 20% a year and the stunt at the auction would only propel this further, thus ensuring the new owner a significant return on their investment. E. But since it was clearly also a bid for more notoriety, a cynic might rather call this Banksy’s most successful artwork yet. For an artist allegedly bent on maintaining anonymity, Banksy does not shy away from the limelight. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 9 z 18

1. A. By letting his work burn, the artist made a powerful statement in a perfectly set stage. Although this critique of art-world commerce set tongues wagging, it is debatable whether it could rise above an empty gesture and actually change anything.
2. B. An eyewitness later related what followed. “Out of the audience stepped a man who presented the artist with a document the latter took to be an expression of artistic enthusiasm, but which turned out to be a fine for disturbing the peace and violating the health and safety regulations.”
3. C. This dramatic finale to the evening sale, which took place during the climax of the busiest week in the London art market, left the art world stunned, but at the same time also puzzled.
4. D. Banksy’s Girl with Balloon had been increasing in value by about 20% a year and the stunt at the auction would only propel this further, thus ensuring the new owner a significant return on their investment.
5. E. But since it was clearly also a bid for more notoriety, a cynic might rather call this Banksy’s most successful artwork yet. For an artist allegedly bent on maintaining anonymity, Banksy does not shy away from the limelight. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 9 z 18

TASK 5. (0–4) Read the article. Four fragments have been removed from the text. Complete each gap (5.1.–5.4.) with the fragment which fits best and put the appropriate letter (A–E) in each gap. There is one fragment which you do not need to use. BANKSY AUCTION STUNT LEAVES ART WORLD IN SHREDS The art world experienced shockwaves on 5th October 2018, as the dramatic news broke. The mysterious street artist known as Banksy made history when one of his paintings, Girl with Balloon, partially shredded itself minutes after being purchased for $1.4 million at a Sotheby’s auction. 5.1. _____ Did the painting become worthless? What was the point of this prank? The event has opened a range of questions which still remain unanswered. Until that memorable evening, the world’s most famous self-destructing work of art had been Jean Tinguely’s Homage to New York. The Swiss artist’s sculpture − a motorized contraption which was twenty-seven-feet tall and incorporated a bathtub, a self-playing piano, drums, a go-kart, a weather balloon, and much more − went up in smoke in the garden at MOMA in 1960, as a couple of hundred people looked on. Before the piece was able to fully destroy itself, the fire department stepped in. 5.2. _____ It would be interesting to know if anyone ever paid it. The self-destruction of Banksy’s Girl with Balloon, like that of Tinguely’s sculpture, was halted before the job was complete. The stunt could have been intended to mock the spectacle of art being reduced to a price tag. 5.3. _____ The fact that he immediately posted on Instagram a video of the stunt which received nearly nine million views within a week is arguably another proof of his attention seeking. The clip, which also purports to show Banksy concealing a shredder inside the painting’s thick frame years ago when the painting was completed, is captioned with the quote, “The urge to destroy is also a creative urge.” While a buyer would normally be disappointed, to say the least, after a new purchase self-destructed, it wasn’t the case on this occasion. 5.4. _____ At the same time the enigmatic artist confirmed his legendary status, creating rabid demand for his works. Sheer genius! Everybody gains. And on top of that a new verb has entered the English lexicon — to “Banksy” – which means to make a creative leap that breaks the mold and begins a remarkable new conversation. adapted from https://www.newyorker.com; https://eu.freep.com Strona 8 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 A. By letting his work burn, the artist made a powerful statement in a perfectly set stage. Although this critique of art-world commerce set tongues wagging, it is debatable whether it could rise above an empty gesture and actually change anything. B. An eyewitness later related what followed. “Out of the audience stepped a man who presented the artist with a document the latter took to be an expression of artistic enthusiasm, but which turned out to be a fine for disturbing the peace and violating the health and safety regulations.” C. This dramatic finale to the evening sale, which took place during the climax of the busiest week in the London art market, left the art world stunned, but at the same time also puzzled. D. Banksy’s Girl with Balloon had been increasing in value by about 20% a year and the stunt at the auction would only propel this further, thus ensuring the new owner a significant return on their investment. E. But since it was clearly also a bid for more notoriety, a cynic might rather call this Banksy’s most successful artwork yet. For an artist allegedly bent on maintaining anonymity, Banksy does not shy away from the limelight. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 9 z 18

1. A. By letting his work burn, the artist made a powerful statement in a perfectly set stage. Although this critique of art-world commerce set tongues wagging, it is debatable whether it could rise above an empty gesture and actually change anything.
2. B. An eyewitness later related what followed. “Out of the audience stepped a man who presented the artist with a document the latter took to be an expression of artistic enthusiasm, but which turned out to be a fine for disturbing the peace and violating the health and safety regulations.”
3. C. This dramatic finale to the evening sale, which took place during the climax of the busiest week in the London art market, left the art world stunned, but at the same time also puzzled.
4. D. Banksy’s Girl with Balloon had been increasing in value by about 20% a year and the stunt at the auction would only propel this further, thus ensuring the new owner a significant return on their investment.
5. E. But since it was clearly also a bid for more notoriety, a cynic might rather call this Banksy’s most successful artwork yet. For an artist allegedly bent on maintaining anonymity, Banksy does not shy away from the limelight. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 9 z 18