Język angielski 2022 — poziom dwujęzyczny — Formuła 2015 — część 2

TASK 5. (0–4) Read the article. Four passages have been removed from the text. Complete each gap (5.1.–5.4.) with the passage which fits best and put the appropriate letter (A–E) in each gap. There is one passage which you do not need to use. THE UNMADE SPEECH: AN ALTERNATIVE DRAFT OF HISTORY “Now this madness of war is once more spreading through the world, and our brave country must again prepare itself to survive against great odds. I have never forgotten the sorrow and the pride I felt as my sister and I huddled around the nursery wireless set listening to my father’s inspiring words on that fateful day in 1939. Not for a single moment did I imagine that this solemn and awful duty would one day fall to me.” Thank goodness the Queen never had to make that speech. Indeed, she may not even have known about it. Written as part of a preparatory exercise for a third world war that never came, it is really barely more than a footnote to history. 5.1. _____ So why do we pay such rapt attention to a world that never was? There is, in general, something dissatisfying about counterfactual history. It’s too flimsy. Once you have taken more than a single step away from what really happened, the variables make all speculation pointless. Another speech we have never heard was written for Richard Nixon in case of a Moon landing disaster. “Fate has ordained that the men who went to the Moon to explore in peace will stay on the Moon to rest in peace. These brave men, Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin, know that there is no hope for their recovery. But they also know that there is hope for mankind in their sacrifice.” 5.2. _____ The two speeches have something else in common: they both imagine the worst, and leave us relieved that it didn’t come about. Interestingly, when it comes to world-shaking events, we don’t do a lot of speculating the other way round. 5.3. _____ They might actually have been written, but once the alternative course of action transpired, it’s only natural that their authors would be at pains to make their choices seem inevitable. How much more pleasant it is to creep to the edge of the precipice, and then draw gratefully back, than to look up from the ravine below and know that you are stuck where you are. You can be sure that all over the planet there are political advisers carrying laptops that bear drafts of speeches written to address the aftermath of the unthinkable. 5.4. _____ It must be an awful duty to have to write that sort of thing – to imagine your way into a catastrophe and to put in so much work on a project that you fervently hope turns out to be redundant. When you read these speeches, part of their creepy power comes from the detail with which they are written. Far more disconcerting than the Queen’s line about “the madness of war” is the passage later on in which the safety of her “beloved son Andrew” is called into doubt. adapted from www.independent.co.uk Strona 8 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 A. Collectively, they might be entitled “In Case of Emergency”. This is an unsettling thought, a bit like the idea that newspapers have large files of obituaries for people who aren’t yet dead. B. Since the motives for their existence and their revelation are much less powerful than World War III or extra-terrestrial disaster, their impact on the reader is also much weaker. C. Just as in the case of the Queen’s speech, here the imaginary hardens into something tangible, something that was so nearly the case that it has left its shadow in reality. And so to read it is to feel the thrill of the uncanny, as if you have just received a postcard from an adjacent universe. D. There is no surviving text for a speech in which Harry Truman explains why the US didn’t use the atomic bomb, or one in which Tony Blair explains why another UN resolution would be a prerequisite for invading Iraq. E. We haven’t learned anything substantive from the speech. And yet, when it was released as part of the latest National Archive declassification, most newspapers concluded that this figment of the imagination was more interesting than a number of real events. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 9 z 18

1. A. Collectively, they might be entitled “In Case of Emergency”. This is an unsettling thought, a bit like the idea that newspapers have large files of obituaries for people who aren’t yet dead.
2. B. Since the motives for their existence and their revelation are much less powerful than World War III or extra-terrestrial disaster, their impact on the reader is also much weaker.
3. C. Just as in the case of the Queen’s speech, here the imaginary hardens into something tangible, something that was so nearly the case that it has left its shadow in reality. And so to read it is to feel the thrill of the uncanny, as if you have just received a postcard from an adjacent universe.
4. D. There is no surviving text for a speech in which Harry Truman explains why the US didn’t use the atomic bomb, or one in which Tony Blair explains why another UN resolution would be a prerequisite for invading Iraq.
5. E. We haven’t learned anything substantive from the speech. And yet, when it was released as part of the latest National Archive declassification, most newspapers concluded that this figment of the imagination was more interesting than a number of real events. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 9 z 18

a regularly held event which includes a competition?

TASK 6. (0–4) Read the text. For questions 6.1.–6.4., choose the appropriate paragraph and write the corresponding letter (A–E) in the table. One paragraph does not match any of the questions. In which paragraph does the author refer to Answer 6.1. a regularly held event which includes a competition? 6.2. a certain misconception about the language used by the natives? 6.3. mutual support among community members? 6.4. a noticeable trend in the number of speakers using the dialect? THE US ISLAND THAT SPEAKS ‘HOI TOIDER’ A. Located 34 miles from the North Carolina mainland, Ocracoke Island is fairly remote and can only be reached by boat. Being so cut off, in colonial times Ocracoke was considered to be a perfect spot for fugitives like pirates and outlaws who wanted to drop out of sight. As a result, an enormously diverse community of around 200 inhabitants emerged and started mixing words and dialects, eventually building their own way of speaking called ‘Hoi Toider’. Someone has humorously described it as Elizabethan English with Irish and Scottish accents from the 1700s sprinkled in, all mixed up for good measure with pirate slang. B. This Elizabethan origin is the reason why ‘Hoi Toider’ is commonly perceived to be a fusion of words that are obsolete in contemporary English. However, this presumption couldn’t be further from the truth. In fact, it is a rich blend of a variety of cultures and languages which have morphed into a unique dialect or brogue. Let’s have a look at some examples. The word ‘quamish’ does indeed come from the 16th-century English ‘qualm’ meaning sick or nauseous, but the word ‘buck’, which means a male friend, has been traced back to 13th-century German. C. The community lived in seclusion for almost two centuries. Electricity didn’t arrive at the island until 1938 and ferries didn’t operate until 1957, leaving the islanders cut off except for the occasional supply trip to the mainland. But in recent years, the island has been invaded by flocks of tourists. There are also more invaders from the mainland moving in every year. And as remoteness has become a thing of the past, the language is following suit. Native islanders used to acquire ‘Hoi Toider’ naturally because it was the only means of spoken communication on the island. But the full ‘Hoi Toider’ brogue is gradually starting to disappear. Thus, there is every likelihood that within one or two generations it’ll fade away. Strona 10 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 D. The islanders are managing to hold onto their unique culture in other ways. In the beginning, settlers often had to resort to alternatives while rustling up a meal. That same concept holds true today: with limited stores on the island, if you run out of supplies, you can either head to the mainland for what you need or just find a replacement. That was apparently how Ocracoke’s signature dish came to be. The story goes that one day, an island resident was making a date cake and suddenly realized she had all the ingredients except the dates! She looked in her cupboard and found a jar of fig preserves. She threw them into the mix, and made Ocracoke Fig Cake. Now, annually in August, you can attend a Fig Festival complete with fig cake bake-off and fig tastings. E. These days Ocracoke island is a little bit of a melting pot. You can spot people from all walks of life there, which, in some ways, reflects the same wealth of experience the original settlers brought. And, despite the passage of time, traditions stand strong – no matter what changes, some things will stay the same. Islanders still dance a square dance, much like dances performed during the American colonial period, and they invariably value the same things as their ancestors. For instance, if someone is left destitute, the locals will always pitch in. Let’s hope they manage to preserve the best of their culture for future generations. adapted from www.bbc.com TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 11 z 18

a certain misconception about the language used by the natives?

TASK 6. (0–4) Read the text. For questions 6.1.–6.4., choose the appropriate paragraph and write the corresponding letter (A–E) in the table. One paragraph does not match any of the questions. In which paragraph does the author refer to Answer 6.1. a regularly held event which includes a competition? 6.2. a certain misconception about the language used by the natives? 6.3. mutual support among community members? 6.4. a noticeable trend in the number of speakers using the dialect? THE US ISLAND THAT SPEAKS ‘HOI TOIDER’ A. Located 34 miles from the North Carolina mainland, Ocracoke Island is fairly remote and can only be reached by boat. Being so cut off, in colonial times Ocracoke was considered to be a perfect spot for fugitives like pirates and outlaws who wanted to drop out of sight. As a result, an enormously diverse community of around 200 inhabitants emerged and started mixing words and dialects, eventually building their own way of speaking called ‘Hoi Toider’. Someone has humorously described it as Elizabethan English with Irish and Scottish accents from the 1700s sprinkled in, all mixed up for good measure with pirate slang. B. This Elizabethan origin is the reason why ‘Hoi Toider’ is commonly perceived to be a fusion of words that are obsolete in contemporary English. However, this presumption couldn’t be further from the truth. In fact, it is a rich blend of a variety of cultures and languages which have morphed into a unique dialect or brogue. Let’s have a look at some examples. The word ‘quamish’ does indeed come from the 16th-century English ‘qualm’ meaning sick or nauseous, but the word ‘buck’, which means a male friend, has been traced back to 13th-century German. C. The community lived in seclusion for almost two centuries. Electricity didn’t arrive at the island until 1938 and ferries didn’t operate until 1957, leaving the islanders cut off except for the occasional supply trip to the mainland. But in recent years, the island has been invaded by flocks of tourists. There are also more invaders from the mainland moving in every year. And as remoteness has become a thing of the past, the language is following suit. Native islanders used to acquire ‘Hoi Toider’ naturally because it was the only means of spoken communication on the island. But the full ‘Hoi Toider’ brogue is gradually starting to disappear. Thus, there is every likelihood that within one or two generations it’ll fade away. Strona 10 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 D. The islanders are managing to hold onto their unique culture in other ways. In the beginning, settlers often had to resort to alternatives while rustling up a meal. That same concept holds true today: with limited stores on the island, if you run out of supplies, you can either head to the mainland for what you need or just find a replacement. That was apparently how Ocracoke’s signature dish came to be. The story goes that one day, an island resident was making a date cake and suddenly realized she had all the ingredients except the dates! She looked in her cupboard and found a jar of fig preserves. She threw them into the mix, and made Ocracoke Fig Cake. Now, annually in August, you can attend a Fig Festival complete with fig cake bake-off and fig tastings. E. These days Ocracoke island is a little bit of a melting pot. You can spot people from all walks of life there, which, in some ways, reflects the same wealth of experience the original settlers brought. And, despite the passage of time, traditions stand strong – no matter what changes, some things will stay the same. Islanders still dance a square dance, much like dances performed during the American colonial period, and they invariably value the same things as their ancestors. For instance, if someone is left destitute, the locals will always pitch in. Let’s hope they manage to preserve the best of their culture for future generations. adapted from www.bbc.com TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 11 z 18

mutual support among community members?

TASK 6. (0–4) Read the text. For questions 6.1.–6.4., choose the appropriate paragraph and write the corresponding letter (A–E) in the table. One paragraph does not match any of the questions. In which paragraph does the author refer to Answer 6.1. a regularly held event which includes a competition? 6.2. a certain misconception about the language used by the natives? 6.3. mutual support among community members? 6.4. a noticeable trend in the number of speakers using the dialect? THE US ISLAND THAT SPEAKS ‘HOI TOIDER’ A. Located 34 miles from the North Carolina mainland, Ocracoke Island is fairly remote and can only be reached by boat. Being so cut off, in colonial times Ocracoke was considered to be a perfect spot for fugitives like pirates and outlaws who wanted to drop out of sight. As a result, an enormously diverse community of around 200 inhabitants emerged and started mixing words and dialects, eventually building their own way of speaking called ‘Hoi Toider’. Someone has humorously described it as Elizabethan English with Irish and Scottish accents from the 1700s sprinkled in, all mixed up for good measure with pirate slang. B. This Elizabethan origin is the reason why ‘Hoi Toider’ is commonly perceived to be a fusion of words that are obsolete in contemporary English. However, this presumption couldn’t be further from the truth. In fact, it is a rich blend of a variety of cultures and languages which have morphed into a unique dialect or brogue. Let’s have a look at some examples. The word ‘quamish’ does indeed come from the 16th-century English ‘qualm’ meaning sick or nauseous, but the word ‘buck’, which means a male friend, has been traced back to 13th-century German. C. The community lived in seclusion for almost two centuries. Electricity didn’t arrive at the island until 1938 and ferries didn’t operate until 1957, leaving the islanders cut off except for the occasional supply trip to the mainland. But in recent years, the island has been invaded by flocks of tourists. There are also more invaders from the mainland moving in every year. And as remoteness has become a thing of the past, the language is following suit. Native islanders used to acquire ‘Hoi Toider’ naturally because it was the only means of spoken communication on the island. But the full ‘Hoi Toider’ brogue is gradually starting to disappear. Thus, there is every likelihood that within one or two generations it’ll fade away. Strona 10 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 D. The islanders are managing to hold onto their unique culture in other ways. In the beginning, settlers often had to resort to alternatives while rustling up a meal. That same concept holds true today: with limited stores on the island, if you run out of supplies, you can either head to the mainland for what you need or just find a replacement. That was apparently how Ocracoke’s signature dish came to be. The story goes that one day, an island resident was making a date cake and suddenly realized she had all the ingredients except the dates! She looked in her cupboard and found a jar of fig preserves. She threw them into the mix, and made Ocracoke Fig Cake. Now, annually in August, you can attend a Fig Festival complete with fig cake bake-off and fig tastings. E. These days Ocracoke island is a little bit of a melting pot. You can spot people from all walks of life there, which, in some ways, reflects the same wealth of experience the original settlers brought. And, despite the passage of time, traditions stand strong – no matter what changes, some things will stay the same. Islanders still dance a square dance, much like dances performed during the American colonial period, and they invariably value the same things as their ancestors. For instance, if someone is left destitute, the locals will always pitch in. Let’s hope they manage to preserve the best of their culture for future generations. adapted from www.bbc.com TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 11 z 18

a noticeable trend in the number of speakers using the dialect? THE US ISLAND THAT SPEAKS ‘HOI TOIDER’

TASK 6. (0–4) Read the text. For questions 6.1.–6.4., choose the appropriate paragraph and write the corresponding letter (A–E) in the table. One paragraph does not match any of the questions. In which paragraph does the author refer to Answer 6.1. a regularly held event which includes a competition? 6.2. a certain misconception about the language used by the natives? 6.3. mutual support among community members? 6.4. a noticeable trend in the number of speakers using the dialect? THE US ISLAND THAT SPEAKS ‘HOI TOIDER’ A. Located 34 miles from the North Carolina mainland, Ocracoke Island is fairly remote and can only be reached by boat. Being so cut off, in colonial times Ocracoke was considered to be a perfect spot for fugitives like pirates and outlaws who wanted to drop out of sight. As a result, an enormously diverse community of around 200 inhabitants emerged and started mixing words and dialects, eventually building their own way of speaking called ‘Hoi Toider’. Someone has humorously described it as Elizabethan English with Irish and Scottish accents from the 1700s sprinkled in, all mixed up for good measure with pirate slang. B. This Elizabethan origin is the reason why ‘Hoi Toider’ is commonly perceived to be a fusion of words that are obsolete in contemporary English. However, this presumption couldn’t be further from the truth. In fact, it is a rich blend of a variety of cultures and languages which have morphed into a unique dialect or brogue. Let’s have a look at some examples. The word ‘quamish’ does indeed come from the 16th-century English ‘qualm’ meaning sick or nauseous, but the word ‘buck’, which means a male friend, has been traced back to 13th-century German. C. The community lived in seclusion for almost two centuries. Electricity didn’t arrive at the island until 1938 and ferries didn’t operate until 1957, leaving the islanders cut off except for the occasional supply trip to the mainland. But in recent years, the island has been invaded by flocks of tourists. There are also more invaders from the mainland moving in every year. And as remoteness has become a thing of the past, the language is following suit. Native islanders used to acquire ‘Hoi Toider’ naturally because it was the only means of spoken communication on the island. But the full ‘Hoi Toider’ brogue is gradually starting to disappear. Thus, there is every likelihood that within one or two generations it’ll fade away. Strona 10 z 18 EJAA-D0-100 D. The islanders are managing to hold onto their unique culture in other ways. In the beginning, settlers often had to resort to alternatives while rustling up a meal. That same concept holds true today: with limited stores on the island, if you run out of supplies, you can either head to the mainland for what you need or just find a replacement. That was apparently how Ocracoke’s signature dish came to be. The story goes that one day, an island resident was making a date cake and suddenly realized she had all the ingredients except the dates! She looked in her cupboard and found a jar of fig preserves. She threw them into the mix, and made Ocracoke Fig Cake. Now, annually in August, you can attend a Fig Festival complete with fig cake bake-off and fig tastings. E. These days Ocracoke island is a little bit of a melting pot. You can spot people from all walks of life there, which, in some ways, reflects the same wealth of experience the original settlers brought. And, despite the passage of time, traditions stand strong – no matter what changes, some things will stay the same. Islanders still dance a square dance, much like dances performed during the American colonial period, and they invariably value the same things as their ancestors. For instance, if someone is left destitute, the locals will always pitch in. Let’s hope they manage to preserve the best of their culture for future generations. adapted from www.bbc.com TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 11 z 18

1. A. Located 34 miles from the North Carolina mainland, Ocracoke Island is fairly remote and can only be reached by boat. Being so cut off, in colonial times Ocracoke was considered to be a perfect spot for fugitives like pirates and outlaws who wanted to drop out of sight. As a result, an enormously diverse community of around 200 inhabitants emerged and started mixing words and dialects, eventually building their own way of speaking called ‘Hoi Toider’. Someone has humorously described it as Elizabethan English with Irish and Scottish accents from the 1700s sprinkled in, all mixed up for good measure with pirate slang.
2. B. This Elizabethan origin is the reason why ‘Hoi Toider’ is commonly perceived to be a fusion of words that are obsolete in contemporary English. However, this presumption couldn’t be further from the truth. In fact, it is a rich blend of a variety of cultures and languages which have morphed into a unique dialect or brogue. Let’s have a look at some examples. The word ‘quamish’ does indeed come from the 16th-century English ‘qualm’ meaning sick or nauseous, but the word ‘buck’, which means a male friend, has been traced back to 13th-century German.
3. C. The community lived in seclusion for almost two centuries. Electricity didn’t arrive at the island until 1938 and ferries didn’t operate until 1957, leaving the islanders cut off except for the occasional supply trip to the mainland. But in recent years, the island has been invaded by flocks of tourists. There are also more invaders from the mainland moving in every year. And as remoteness has become a thing of the past, the language is following suit. Native islanders used to acquire ‘Hoi Toider’ naturally because it was the only means of spoken communication on the island. But the full ‘Hoi Toider’ brogue is gradually starting to disappear. Thus, there is every likelihood that within one or two generations it’ll fade away.
4. D. The islanders are managing to hold onto their unique culture in other ways. In the beginning, settlers often had to resort to alternatives while rustling up a meal. That same concept holds true today: with limited stores on the island, if you run out of supplies, you can either head to the mainland for what you need or just find a replacement. That was apparently how Ocracoke’s signature dish came to be. The story goes that one day, an island resident was making a date cake and suddenly realized she had all the ingredients except the dates! She looked in her cupboard and found a jar of fig preserves. She threw them into the mix, and made Ocracoke Fig Cake. Now, annually in August, you can attend a Fig Festival complete with fig cake bake-off and fig tastings.
5. E. These days Ocracoke island is a little bit of a melting pot. You can spot people from all walks of life there, which, in some ways, reflects the same wealth of experience the original settlers brought. And, despite the passage of time, traditions stand strong – no matter what changes, some things will stay the same. Islanders still dance a square dance, much like dances performed during the American colonial period, and they invariably value the same things as their ancestors. For instance, if someone is left destitute, the locals will always pitch in. Let’s hope they manage to preserve the best of their culture for future generations. adapted from www.bbc.com TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! EJAA-D0-100 Strona 11 z 18

7.2. 7.3.

TASK 7. (0–5) Read the text. For questions 7.1.–7.5., choose the word or phrase which fits best in each gap. Circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). WHEN WILL MY COMPUTER UNDERSTAND ME? It’s not hard for humans to distinguish the “charge” of a battery from criminal “charges”, but for computers, 7.1. _____ between the various meanings of a word is problematic. Even though linguists and computer scientists have been trying hard to get computers to understand human language by programming semantics as software, they have had mixed success. It was driven initially by attempts to translate Russian technical texts during the Cold War, and more recently by data analysis tools. A few of IBM’s systems and Google Translate are high-profile, successful applications of language technologies, but even they were at first liable to produce humorous answers and mistranslations, which was evidence of the difficulty of the problem. Using dictionary meanings to train computers to better understand language also 7.2. _____ obstacles. Dictionaries have their own sense distinctions and nuances. However, what is crystal clear to dictionary-makers can be murky to the dictionary reader. Moreover, no two dictionaries provide the same set of meanings, and the same word can 7.3. _____ a different sense depending on the context. Watching linguists struggle to make sense of conflicting definitions led researchers to try a different tactic. 7.4. _____ using dictionary entries, why not mine a vast body of texts, which are a reflection of human knowledge and language, and use the implicit connections between the words to create a weighted map of relationships? Different meanings of the same word could be visualised as points in space, either close together or far apart, depending on the meaning in a particular context. In other words, researchers hope to get to a point where a computer will be able to interpret the speaker’s intention. Until that goal 7.5. _____, computers won’t understand languages as well as a human being does. adapted from www.sciencedaily.com 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. A. disclosing A. encountered A. bring down B. diverging B. overcame B. take on C. determining C. surpassed C. look up D. differentiating D. proved D. make out 7.4. 7.5. A. In view of A. attains B. On behalf of B. was attained C. Instead of C. might have attained D. In case of D. has been attained TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Strona 12 z 18 EJAA-D0-100

1. A. disclosing A. encountered A. bring down
2. B. diverging B. overcame B. take on
3. C. determining C. surpassed C. look up
4. D. differentiating D. proved D. make out
5. A. In view of A. attains
6. B. On behalf of B. was attained
7. C. Instead of C. might have attained
8. D. In case of D. has been attained TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET!

TASK 7. (0–5) Read the text. For questions 7.1.–7.5., choose the word or phrase which fits best in each gap. Circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). WHEN WILL MY COMPUTER UNDERSTAND ME? It’s not hard for humans to distinguish the “charge” of a battery from criminal “charges”, but for computers, 7.1. _____ between the various meanings of a word is problematic. Even though linguists and computer scientists have been trying hard to get computers to understand human language by programming semantics as software, they have had mixed success. It was driven initially by attempts to translate Russian technical texts during the Cold War, and more recently by data analysis tools. A few of IBM’s systems and Google Translate are high-profile, successful applications of language technologies, but even they were at first liable to produce humorous answers and mistranslations, which was evidence of the difficulty of the problem. Using dictionary meanings to train computers to better understand language also 7.2. _____ obstacles. Dictionaries have their own sense distinctions and nuances. However, what is crystal clear to dictionary-makers can be murky to the dictionary reader. Moreover, no two dictionaries provide the same set of meanings, and the same word can 7.3. _____ a different sense depending on the context. Watching linguists struggle to make sense of conflicting definitions led researchers to try a different tactic. 7.4. _____ using dictionary entries, why not mine a vast body of texts, which are a reflection of human knowledge and language, and use the implicit connections between the words to create a weighted map of relationships? Different meanings of the same word could be visualised as points in space, either close together or far apart, depending on the meaning in a particular context. In other words, researchers hope to get to a point where a computer will be able to interpret the speaker’s intention. Until that goal 7.5. _____, computers won’t understand languages as well as a human being does. adapted from www.sciencedaily.com 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. A. disclosing A. encountered A. bring down B. diverging B. overcame B. take on C. determining C. surpassed C. look up D. differentiating D. proved D. make out 7.4. 7.5. A. In view of A. attains B. On behalf of B. was attained C. Instead of C. might have attained D. In case of D. has been attained TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Strona 12 z 18 EJAA-D0-100

TASK 7. (0–5) Read the text. For questions 7.1.–7.5., choose the word or phrase which fits best in each gap. Circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). WHEN WILL MY COMPUTER UNDERSTAND ME? It’s not hard for humans to distinguish the “charge” of a battery from criminal “charges”, but for computers, 7.1. _____ between the various meanings of a word is problematic. Even though linguists and computer scientists have been trying hard to get computers to understand human language by programming semantics as software, they have had mixed success. It was driven initially by attempts to translate Russian technical texts during the Cold War, and more recently by data analysis tools. A few of IBM’s systems and Google Translate are high-profile, successful applications of language technologies, but even they were at first liable to produce humorous answers and mistranslations, which was evidence of the difficulty of the problem. Using dictionary meanings to train computers to better understand language also 7.2. _____ obstacles. Dictionaries have their own sense distinctions and nuances. However, what is crystal clear to dictionary-makers can be murky to the dictionary reader. Moreover, no two dictionaries provide the same set of meanings, and the same word can 7.3. _____ a different sense depending on the context. Watching linguists struggle to make sense of conflicting definitions led researchers to try a different tactic. 7.4. _____ using dictionary entries, why not mine a vast body of texts, which are a reflection of human knowledge and language, and use the implicit connections between the words to create a weighted map of relationships? Different meanings of the same word could be visualised as points in space, either close together or far apart, depending on the meaning in a particular context. In other words, researchers hope to get to a point where a computer will be able to interpret the speaker’s intention. Until that goal 7.5. _____, computers won’t understand languages as well as a human being does. adapted from www.sciencedaily.com 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. A. disclosing A. encountered A. bring down B. diverging B. overcame B. take on C. determining C. surpassed C. look up D. differentiating D. proved D. make out 7.4. 7.5. A. In view of A. attains B. On behalf of B. was attained C. Instead of C. might have attained D. In case of D. has been attained TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Strona 12 z 18 EJAA-D0-100

7.5.

TASK 7. (0–5) Read the text. For questions 7.1.–7.5., choose the word or phrase which fits best in each gap. Circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). WHEN WILL MY COMPUTER UNDERSTAND ME? It’s not hard for humans to distinguish the “charge” of a battery from criminal “charges”, but for computers, 7.1. _____ between the various meanings of a word is problematic. Even though linguists and computer scientists have been trying hard to get computers to understand human language by programming semantics as software, they have had mixed success. It was driven initially by attempts to translate Russian technical texts during the Cold War, and more recently by data analysis tools. A few of IBM’s systems and Google Translate are high-profile, successful applications of language technologies, but even they were at first liable to produce humorous answers and mistranslations, which was evidence of the difficulty of the problem. Using dictionary meanings to train computers to better understand language also 7.2. _____ obstacles. Dictionaries have their own sense distinctions and nuances. However, what is crystal clear to dictionary-makers can be murky to the dictionary reader. Moreover, no two dictionaries provide the same set of meanings, and the same word can 7.3. _____ a different sense depending on the context. Watching linguists struggle to make sense of conflicting definitions led researchers to try a different tactic. 7.4. _____ using dictionary entries, why not mine a vast body of texts, which are a reflection of human knowledge and language, and use the implicit connections between the words to create a weighted map of relationships? Different meanings of the same word could be visualised as points in space, either close together or far apart, depending on the meaning in a particular context. In other words, researchers hope to get to a point where a computer will be able to interpret the speaker’s intention. Until that goal 7.5. _____, computers won’t understand languages as well as a human being does. adapted from www.sciencedaily.com 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. A. disclosing A. encountered A. bring down B. diverging B. overcame B. take on C. determining C. surpassed C. look up D. differentiating D. proved D. make out 7.4. 7.5. A. In view of A. attains B. On behalf of B. was attained C. Instead of C. might have attained D. In case of D. has been attained TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Strona 12 z 18 EJAA-D0-100

1. A. In view of A. attains
2. B. On behalf of B. was attained
3. C. Instead of C. might have attained
4. D. In case of D. has been attained TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET!

TASK 7. (0–5) Read the text. For questions 7.1.–7.5., choose the word or phrase which fits best in each gap. Circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). WHEN WILL MY COMPUTER UNDERSTAND ME? It’s not hard for humans to distinguish the “charge” of a battery from criminal “charges”, but for computers, 7.1. _____ between the various meanings of a word is problematic. Even though linguists and computer scientists have been trying hard to get computers to understand human language by programming semantics as software, they have had mixed success. It was driven initially by attempts to translate Russian technical texts during the Cold War, and more recently by data analysis tools. A few of IBM’s systems and Google Translate are high-profile, successful applications of language technologies, but even they were at first liable to produce humorous answers and mistranslations, which was evidence of the difficulty of the problem. Using dictionary meanings to train computers to better understand language also 7.2. _____ obstacles. Dictionaries have their own sense distinctions and nuances. However, what is crystal clear to dictionary-makers can be murky to the dictionary reader. Moreover, no two dictionaries provide the same set of meanings, and the same word can 7.3. _____ a different sense depending on the context. Watching linguists struggle to make sense of conflicting definitions led researchers to try a different tactic. 7.4. _____ using dictionary entries, why not mine a vast body of texts, which are a reflection of human knowledge and language, and use the implicit connections between the words to create a weighted map of relationships? Different meanings of the same word could be visualised as points in space, either close together or far apart, depending on the meaning in a particular context. In other words, researchers hope to get to a point where a computer will be able to interpret the speaker’s intention. Until that goal 7.5. _____, computers won’t understand languages as well as a human being does. adapted from www.sciencedaily.com 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. A. disclosing A. encountered A. bring down B. diverging B. overcame B. take on C. determining C. surpassed C. look up D. differentiating D. proved D. make out 7.4. 7.5. A. In view of A. attains B. On behalf of B. was attained C. Instead of C. might have attained D. In case of D. has been attained TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Strona 12 z 18 EJAA-D0-100

____________________ • The patient’s poor health continues to leave its … on his mood. • You’ve got a dirty ... on your tie. Don’t try to remove it on your own. • The river reached its high-water … as a result of heavy rains in the south of the country.

TASK 8. (0–5) For questions 8.1.–8.5., think of one word only which can be used to complete all three sentences. Write the missing word in the space provided. The words must be spelled correctly. 8.1. ____________________ • The patient’s poor health continues to leave its … on his mood. • You’ve got a dirty ... on your tie. Don’t try to remove it on your own. • The river reached its high-water … as a result of heavy rains in the south of the country. 8.2. ____________________ • When the dog’s hair started to … out in patches, I decided to consult the vet. • Appeals for residents to volunteer in the charity event often … on stony ground. • As long as you manage to balance your budget, you’ll never … into debt. 8.3. ____________________ • Will you … for me if anybody asks where I was yesterday? I need to keep it a secret for now. • The journalist selected to … the American election for the BBC has won many prestigious awards. • Do you expect me to believe that $500 was not enough to … your expenses? 8.4. ____________________ • I put my sister’s … temper today down to lack of sleep. • Food is still in … supply in many parts of the world. • Please, hurry up, we’re really … of time. 8.5. ____________________ • It came as a surprise to me when I learned that bees locate flowers by … . • The tour guide warned the group to keep their bags in … at all times. • Windmills are a common … in this part of the country. EJAA-D0-100 Strona 13 z 18

____________________ • When the dog’s hair started to … out in patches, I decided to consult the vet. • Appeals for residents to volunteer in the charity event often … on stony ground. • As long as you manage to balance your budget, you’ll never … into debt.

TASK 8. (0–5) For questions 8.1.–8.5., think of one word only which can be used to complete all three sentences. Write the missing word in the space provided. The words must be spelled correctly. 8.1. ____________________ • The patient’s poor health continues to leave its … on his mood. • You’ve got a dirty ... on your tie. Don’t try to remove it on your own. • The river reached its high-water … as a result of heavy rains in the south of the country. 8.2. ____________________ • When the dog’s hair started to … out in patches, I decided to consult the vet. • Appeals for residents to volunteer in the charity event often … on stony ground. • As long as you manage to balance your budget, you’ll never … into debt. 8.3. ____________________ • Will you … for me if anybody asks where I was yesterday? I need to keep it a secret for now. • The journalist selected to … the American election for the BBC has won many prestigious awards. • Do you expect me to believe that $500 was not enough to … your expenses? 8.4. ____________________ • I put my sister’s … temper today down to lack of sleep. • Food is still in … supply in many parts of the world. • Please, hurry up, we’re really … of time. 8.5. ____________________ • It came as a surprise to me when I learned that bees locate flowers by … . • The tour guide warned the group to keep their bags in … at all times. • Windmills are a common … in this part of the country. EJAA-D0-100 Strona 13 z 18

____________________ • Will you … for me if anybody asks where I was yesterday? I need to keep it a secret for now. • The journalist selected to … the American election for the BBC has won many prestigious awards. • Do you expect me to believe that $500 was not enough to … your expenses?

TASK 8. (0–5) For questions 8.1.–8.5., think of one word only which can be used to complete all three sentences. Write the missing word in the space provided. The words must be spelled correctly. 8.1. ____________________ • The patient’s poor health continues to leave its … on his mood. • You’ve got a dirty ... on your tie. Don’t try to remove it on your own. • The river reached its high-water … as a result of heavy rains in the south of the country. 8.2. ____________________ • When the dog’s hair started to … out in patches, I decided to consult the vet. • Appeals for residents to volunteer in the charity event often … on stony ground. • As long as you manage to balance your budget, you’ll never … into debt. 8.3. ____________________ • Will you … for me if anybody asks where I was yesterday? I need to keep it a secret for now. • The journalist selected to … the American election for the BBC has won many prestigious awards. • Do you expect me to believe that $500 was not enough to … your expenses? 8.4. ____________________ • I put my sister’s … temper today down to lack of sleep. • Food is still in … supply in many parts of the world. • Please, hurry up, we’re really … of time. 8.5. ____________________ • It came as a surprise to me when I learned that bees locate flowers by … . • The tour guide warned the group to keep their bags in … at all times. • Windmills are a common … in this part of the country. EJAA-D0-100 Strona 13 z 18

____________________ • I put my sister’s … temper today down to lack of sleep. • Food is still in … supply in many parts of the world. • Please, hurry up, we’re really … of time.

TASK 8. (0–5) For questions 8.1.–8.5., think of one word only which can be used to complete all three sentences. Write the missing word in the space provided. The words must be spelled correctly. 8.1. ____________________ • The patient’s poor health continues to leave its … on his mood. • You’ve got a dirty ... on your tie. Don’t try to remove it on your own. • The river reached its high-water … as a result of heavy rains in the south of the country. 8.2. ____________________ • When the dog’s hair started to … out in patches, I decided to consult the vet. • Appeals for residents to volunteer in the charity event often … on stony ground. • As long as you manage to balance your budget, you’ll never … into debt. 8.3. ____________________ • Will you … for me if anybody asks where I was yesterday? I need to keep it a secret for now. • The journalist selected to … the American election for the BBC has won many prestigious awards. • Do you expect me to believe that $500 was not enough to … your expenses? 8.4. ____________________ • I put my sister’s … temper today down to lack of sleep. • Food is still in … supply in many parts of the world. • Please, hurry up, we’re really … of time. 8.5. ____________________ • It came as a surprise to me when I learned that bees locate flowers by … . • The tour guide warned the group to keep their bags in … at all times. • Windmills are a common … in this part of the country. EJAA-D0-100 Strona 13 z 18

____________________ • It came as a surprise to me when I learned that bees locate flowers by … . • The tour guide warned the group to keep their bags in … at all times. • Windmills are a common … in this part of the country. EJAA-D0-100 Strona 13 z 18

TASK 8. (0–5) For questions 8.1.–8.5., think of one word only which can be used to complete all three sentences. Write the missing word in the space provided. The words must be spelled correctly. 8.1. ____________________ • The patient’s poor health continues to leave its … on his mood. • You’ve got a dirty ... on your tie. Don’t try to remove it on your own. • The river reached its high-water … as a result of heavy rains in the south of the country. 8.2. ____________________ • When the dog’s hair started to … out in patches, I decided to consult the vet. • Appeals for residents to volunteer in the charity event often … on stony ground. • As long as you manage to balance your budget, you’ll never … into debt. 8.3. ____________________ • Will you … for me if anybody asks where I was yesterday? I need to keep it a secret for now. • The journalist selected to … the American election for the BBC has won many prestigious awards. • Do you expect me to believe that $500 was not enough to … your expenses? 8.4. ____________________ • I put my sister’s … temper today down to lack of sleep. • Food is still in … supply in many parts of the world. • Please, hurry up, we’re really … of time. 8.5. ____________________ • It came as a surprise to me when I learned that bees locate flowers by … . • The tour guide warned the group to keep their bags in … at all times. • Windmills are a common … in this part of the country. EJAA-D0-100 Strona 13 z 18

My biology teacher was the first (congratulate / I / win) ____________________________ ___________________________________________ a prize in the science competition.

TASK 9. (0–5) For questions 9.1.–9.5., complete each gap using the words given in brackets so that the sentence is logical and correct as far as spelling and grammar are concerned. You can change the form of the words given in brackets or add other words if necessary. Use up to six words including the words given in brackets. Do not change the order of the words given in brackets. 9.1. My biology teacher was the first (congratulate / I / win) ____________________________ ___________________________________________ a prize in the science competition. 9.2. What’s (use / give) ______________________________________________ her advice if she ignores everything we say? 9.3. I’m afraid the agreement (might / not / sign) ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ by all of the parties yesterday. There were quite a few objections to paragraph 3. 9.4. The owner of the castle is said (pay / fortune) ___________________________________ for the dining room table. Now it is to be auctioned together with the rest of his property. 9.5. Although my sister is a bit outspoken, she (tend / be / term) ________________________ _________________________________________________________ with everybody. Strona 14 z 18 EJAA-D0-100

What’s (use / give) ______________________________________________ her advice if she ignores everything we say?

TASK 9. (0–5) For questions 9.1.–9.5., complete each gap using the words given in brackets so that the sentence is logical and correct as far as spelling and grammar are concerned. You can change the form of the words given in brackets or add other words if necessary. Use up to six words including the words given in brackets. Do not change the order of the words given in brackets. 9.1. My biology teacher was the first (congratulate / I / win) ____________________________ ___________________________________________ a prize in the science competition. 9.2. What’s (use / give) ______________________________________________ her advice if she ignores everything we say? 9.3. I’m afraid the agreement (might / not / sign) ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ by all of the parties yesterday. There were quite a few objections to paragraph 3. 9.4. The owner of the castle is said (pay / fortune) ___________________________________ for the dining room table. Now it is to be auctioned together with the rest of his property. 9.5. Although my sister is a bit outspoken, she (tend / be / term) ________________________ _________________________________________________________ with everybody. Strona 14 z 18 EJAA-D0-100

I’m afraid the agreement (might / not / sign) ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ by all of the parties yesterday. There were quite a few objections to paragraph 3.

TASK 9. (0–5) For questions 9.1.–9.5., complete each gap using the words given in brackets so that the sentence is logical and correct as far as spelling and grammar are concerned. You can change the form of the words given in brackets or add other words if necessary. Use up to six words including the words given in brackets. Do not change the order of the words given in brackets. 9.1. My biology teacher was the first (congratulate / I / win) ____________________________ ___________________________________________ a prize in the science competition. 9.2. What’s (use / give) ______________________________________________ her advice if she ignores everything we say? 9.3. I’m afraid the agreement (might / not / sign) ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ by all of the parties yesterday. There were quite a few objections to paragraph 3. 9.4. The owner of the castle is said (pay / fortune) ___________________________________ for the dining room table. Now it is to be auctioned together with the rest of his property. 9.5. Although my sister is a bit outspoken, she (tend / be / term) ________________________ _________________________________________________________ with everybody. Strona 14 z 18 EJAA-D0-100

The owner of the castle is said (pay / fortune) ___________________________________ for the dining room table. Now it is to be auctioned together with the rest of his property.

TASK 9. (0–5) For questions 9.1.–9.5., complete each gap using the words given in brackets so that the sentence is logical and correct as far as spelling and grammar are concerned. You can change the form of the words given in brackets or add other words if necessary. Use up to six words including the words given in brackets. Do not change the order of the words given in brackets. 9.1. My biology teacher was the first (congratulate / I / win) ____________________________ ___________________________________________ a prize in the science competition. 9.2. What’s (use / give) ______________________________________________ her advice if she ignores everything we say? 9.3. I’m afraid the agreement (might / not / sign) ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ by all of the parties yesterday. There were quite a few objections to paragraph 3. 9.4. The owner of the castle is said (pay / fortune) ___________________________________ for the dining room table. Now it is to be auctioned together with the rest of his property. 9.5. Although my sister is a bit outspoken, she (tend / be / term) ________________________ _________________________________________________________ with everybody. Strona 14 z 18 EJAA-D0-100

Although my sister is a bit outspoken, she (tend / be / term) ________________________ _________________________________________________________ with everybody. Strona 14 z 18 EJAA-D0-100

TASK 9. (0–5) For questions 9.1.–9.5., complete each gap using the words given in brackets so that the sentence is logical and correct as far as spelling and grammar are concerned. You can change the form of the words given in brackets or add other words if necessary. Use up to six words including the words given in brackets. Do not change the order of the words given in brackets. 9.1. My biology teacher was the first (congratulate / I / win) ____________________________ ___________________________________________ a prize in the science competition. 9.2. What’s (use / give) ______________________________________________ her advice if she ignores everything we say? 9.3. I’m afraid the agreement (might / not / sign) ____________________________________ ______________________________________________ by all of the parties yesterday. There were quite a few objections to paragraph 3. 9.4. The owner of the castle is said (pay / fortune) ___________________________________ for the dining room table. Now it is to be auctioned together with the rest of his property. 9.5. Although my sister is a bit outspoken, she (tend / be / term) ________________________ _________________________________________________________ with everybody. Strona 14 z 18 EJAA-D0-100

TASK 10. (0–15) Choose one of the topics below and write a composition following the conventions of the genre indicated in the topic. Use between 300 and 350 words. 1. Wiele osób uważa, że praca zespołowa przynosi lepsze efekty niż indywidualna. Czy zgadzasz się z tym poglądem? Wyraź swoją opinię na ten temat w rozprawce. Omów następujące aspekty: • motywację do pracy • odpowiedzialność za wykonywaną pracę • organizację pracy. 2. W wielu miastach w ramach budżetu miejskiego są realizowane ciekawe projekty zaproponowane przez mieszkańców. Napisz list do gazety internetowej, w którym: • opiszesz jeden z takich projektów, który zwrócił Twoją uwagę • napiszesz o problemie, który wyniknął podczas realizacji tego projektu • wyrazisz swoją opinię na temat możliwości udziału mieszkańców w decyzjach dotyczących rozwoju ich miasta lub regionu. 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Zakres Poprawność Spójność Zgodność z poleceniem środków środków RAZEM i logika językowych językowych 0–1–2–3–4–5 0–1–2 0–1–2–3–4 0–1–2–3–4 Elementy treści (0–1–2) Elementy formy (0–1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 EJAA-D0-100 Strona 17 z 18 NOTES (will not be assessed) Strona 18 z 18 EJAA-D0-100