Język angielski 2024 — poziom dwujęzyczny

contestant? points to a personality trait which facilitates committing trivial

TASK 1. (0–5) You are going to hear four people talking about general knowledge quizzes. For questions 1.1.–1.5., choose the right speaker (A–D) and put a cross (X) in the appropriate column in the table. One speaker must be chosen twice. You will hear the recording twice. Which speaker A B C D considers a risk-taking mindset to be an asset for a quiz show 1.1. contestant? points to a personality trait which facilitates committing trivial 1.2. facts to memory? finds questions which require deductive reasoning most 1.3. appealing when he/she competes? defends quizzing as a worthwhile activity in which individuals 1.4. draw on their whole life experience? stresses the feeling of accomplishment experienced on 1.5. coming up with the correct response?

facts to memory? finds questions which require deductive reasoning most

TASK 1. (0–5) You are going to hear four people talking about general knowledge quizzes. For questions 1.1.–1.5., choose the right speaker (A–D) and put a cross (X) in the appropriate column in the table. One speaker must be chosen twice. You will hear the recording twice. Which speaker A B C D considers a risk-taking mindset to be an asset for a quiz show 1.1. contestant? points to a personality trait which facilitates committing trivial 1.2. facts to memory? finds questions which require deductive reasoning most 1.3. appealing when he/she competes? defends quizzing as a worthwhile activity in which individuals 1.4. draw on their whole life experience? stresses the feeling of accomplishment experienced on 1.5. coming up with the correct response?

appealing when he/she competes? defends quizzing as a worthwhile activity in which individuals

TASK 1. (0–5) You are going to hear four people talking about general knowledge quizzes. For questions 1.1.–1.5., choose the right speaker (A–D) and put a cross (X) in the appropriate column in the table. One speaker must be chosen twice. You will hear the recording twice. Which speaker A B C D considers a risk-taking mindset to be an asset for a quiz show 1.1. contestant? points to a personality trait which facilitates committing trivial 1.2. facts to memory? finds questions which require deductive reasoning most 1.3. appealing when he/she competes? defends quizzing as a worthwhile activity in which individuals 1.4. draw on their whole life experience? stresses the feeling of accomplishment experienced on 1.5. coming up with the correct response?

draw on their whole life experience? stresses the feeling of accomplishment experienced on

TASK 1. (0–5) You are going to hear four people talking about general knowledge quizzes. For questions 1.1.–1.5., choose the right speaker (A–D) and put a cross (X) in the appropriate column in the table. One speaker must be chosen twice. You will hear the recording twice. Which speaker A B C D considers a risk-taking mindset to be an asset for a quiz show 1.1. contestant? points to a personality trait which facilitates committing trivial 1.2. facts to memory? finds questions which require deductive reasoning most 1.3. appealing when he/she competes? defends quizzing as a worthwhile activity in which individuals 1.4. draw on their whole life experience? stresses the feeling of accomplishment experienced on 1.5. coming up with the correct response?

coming up with the correct response?

TASK 1. (0–5) You are going to hear four people talking about general knowledge quizzes. For questions 1.1.–1.5., choose the right speaker (A–D) and put a cross (X) in the appropriate column in the table. One speaker must be chosen twice. You will hear the recording twice. Which speaker A B C D considers a risk-taking mindset to be an asset for a quiz show 1.1. contestant? points to a personality trait which facilitates committing trivial 1.2. facts to memory? finds questions which require deductive reasoning most 1.3. appealing when he/she competes? defends quizzing as a worthwhile activity in which individuals 1.4. draw on their whole life experience? stresses the feeling of accomplishment experienced on 1.5. coming up with the correct response?

According to Franny Moyle, the playing card on the back of the Portrait of a Lady

TASK 2. (0–6) You are going to hear two texts. For questions 2.1.–2.6., choose the answer which best matches what you have heard by circling the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Questions 2.1.–2.3. are for Text 1, questions 2.4.–2.6. are for Text 2. You will hear the recording twice. Text 1 2.1. According to Franny Moyle, the playing card on the back of the Portrait of a Lady A. signifies Anne’s royal descent. B. holds a clue which points to Henry’s fourth wife. C. indicates that the person portrayed had political power. D. conveys the message that the person’s identity was to be kept secret. 2.2. The ace of spades on the back of Thomas Cromwell’s miniature was probably intended to mean that Cromwell A. got his position at court thanks to his diplomatic skills. B. could skillfully avoid giving a straightforward reply. C. had a tendency to speak his mind. D. did not take “no” for an answer. 2.3. Franny Moyle argues that the Portrait of a Lady was painted because A. Anne wanted to project an image more appealing to English tastes. B. the painter was instructed to make Anne look younger than Catherine. C. King Henry insisted on his new bride being painted without a veil. D. Anne’s previous portrait had been disposed of by Catherine. Text 2 2.4. The speaker uses the kettle and teapot comparison to illustrate A. what the British and Americans have in common regarding their sense of humour. B. the contrast between the British and American attitude to using irony. C. the superiority of the British sense of humour over the American one. D. how the British and Americans signal irony before using it. 2.5. When talking about chat shows, the speaker A. wishes British celebrities didn’t boast so much about audience reactions in America. B. questions the sincerity of ovations given by Americans in chat shows. C. acknowledges British audiences’ ignorance of some aspects of American culture. D. admits that she feels uncomfortable about how Americans are received by British audiences. Strona 4 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 2.6. Which of the following is TRUE about the American sitcom Friends? A. Its immense popularity in Britain is inexplicable. B. It enjoys enduring popularity among the British public. C. It took some time for the British public to comprehend its humour. D. It exaggerates the differences between American and British humour.

1. A. signifies Anne’s royal descent.
2. B. holds a clue which points to Henry’s fourth wife.
3. C. indicates that the person portrayed had political power.
4. D. conveys the message that the person’s identity was to be kept secret.

The ace of spades on the back of Thomas Cromwell’s miniature was probably intended to mean that Cromwell

TASK 2. (0–6) You are going to hear two texts. For questions 2.1.–2.6., choose the answer which best matches what you have heard by circling the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Questions 2.1.–2.3. are for Text 1, questions 2.4.–2.6. are for Text 2. You will hear the recording twice. Text 1 2.1. According to Franny Moyle, the playing card on the back of the Portrait of a Lady A. signifies Anne’s royal descent. B. holds a clue which points to Henry’s fourth wife. C. indicates that the person portrayed had political power. D. conveys the message that the person’s identity was to be kept secret. 2.2. The ace of spades on the back of Thomas Cromwell’s miniature was probably intended to mean that Cromwell A. got his position at court thanks to his diplomatic skills. B. could skillfully avoid giving a straightforward reply. C. had a tendency to speak his mind. D. did not take “no” for an answer. 2.3. Franny Moyle argues that the Portrait of a Lady was painted because A. Anne wanted to project an image more appealing to English tastes. B. the painter was instructed to make Anne look younger than Catherine. C. King Henry insisted on his new bride being painted without a veil. D. Anne’s previous portrait had been disposed of by Catherine. Text 2 2.4. The speaker uses the kettle and teapot comparison to illustrate A. what the British and Americans have in common regarding their sense of humour. B. the contrast between the British and American attitude to using irony. C. the superiority of the British sense of humour over the American one. D. how the British and Americans signal irony before using it. 2.5. When talking about chat shows, the speaker A. wishes British celebrities didn’t boast so much about audience reactions in America. B. questions the sincerity of ovations given by Americans in chat shows. C. acknowledges British audiences’ ignorance of some aspects of American culture. D. admits that she feels uncomfortable about how Americans are received by British audiences. Strona 4 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 2.6. Which of the following is TRUE about the American sitcom Friends? A. Its immense popularity in Britain is inexplicable. B. It enjoys enduring popularity among the British public. C. It took some time for the British public to comprehend its humour. D. It exaggerates the differences between American and British humour.

1. A. got his position at court thanks to his diplomatic skills.
2. B. could skillfully avoid giving a straightforward reply.
3. C. had a tendency to speak his mind.
4. D. did not take “no” for an answer.

Franny Moyle argues that the Portrait of a Lady was painted because

TASK 2. (0–6) You are going to hear two texts. For questions 2.1.–2.6., choose the answer which best matches what you have heard by circling the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Questions 2.1.–2.3. are for Text 1, questions 2.4.–2.6. are for Text 2. You will hear the recording twice. Text 1 2.1. According to Franny Moyle, the playing card on the back of the Portrait of a Lady A. signifies Anne’s royal descent. B. holds a clue which points to Henry’s fourth wife. C. indicates that the person portrayed had political power. D. conveys the message that the person’s identity was to be kept secret. 2.2. The ace of spades on the back of Thomas Cromwell’s miniature was probably intended to mean that Cromwell A. got his position at court thanks to his diplomatic skills. B. could skillfully avoid giving a straightforward reply. C. had a tendency to speak his mind. D. did not take “no” for an answer. 2.3. Franny Moyle argues that the Portrait of a Lady was painted because A. Anne wanted to project an image more appealing to English tastes. B. the painter was instructed to make Anne look younger than Catherine. C. King Henry insisted on his new bride being painted without a veil. D. Anne’s previous portrait had been disposed of by Catherine. Text 2 2.4. The speaker uses the kettle and teapot comparison to illustrate A. what the British and Americans have in common regarding their sense of humour. B. the contrast between the British and American attitude to using irony. C. the superiority of the British sense of humour over the American one. D. how the British and Americans signal irony before using it. 2.5. When talking about chat shows, the speaker A. wishes British celebrities didn’t boast so much about audience reactions in America. B. questions the sincerity of ovations given by Americans in chat shows. C. acknowledges British audiences’ ignorance of some aspects of American culture. D. admits that she feels uncomfortable about how Americans are received by British audiences. Strona 4 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 2.6. Which of the following is TRUE about the American sitcom Friends? A. Its immense popularity in Britain is inexplicable. B. It enjoys enduring popularity among the British public. C. It took some time for the British public to comprehend its humour. D. It exaggerates the differences between American and British humour.

1. A. Anne wanted to project an image more appealing to English tastes.
2. B. the painter was instructed to make Anne look younger than Catherine.
3. C. King Henry insisted on his new bride being painted without a veil.
4. D. Anne’s previous portrait had been disposed of by Catherine. Text 2

The speaker uses the kettle and teapot comparison to illustrate

TASK 2. (0–6) You are going to hear two texts. For questions 2.1.–2.6., choose the answer which best matches what you have heard by circling the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Questions 2.1.–2.3. are for Text 1, questions 2.4.–2.6. are for Text 2. You will hear the recording twice. Text 1 2.1. According to Franny Moyle, the playing card on the back of the Portrait of a Lady A. signifies Anne’s royal descent. B. holds a clue which points to Henry’s fourth wife. C. indicates that the person portrayed had political power. D. conveys the message that the person’s identity was to be kept secret. 2.2. The ace of spades on the back of Thomas Cromwell’s miniature was probably intended to mean that Cromwell A. got his position at court thanks to his diplomatic skills. B. could skillfully avoid giving a straightforward reply. C. had a tendency to speak his mind. D. did not take “no” for an answer. 2.3. Franny Moyle argues that the Portrait of a Lady was painted because A. Anne wanted to project an image more appealing to English tastes. B. the painter was instructed to make Anne look younger than Catherine. C. King Henry insisted on his new bride being painted without a veil. D. Anne’s previous portrait had been disposed of by Catherine. Text 2 2.4. The speaker uses the kettle and teapot comparison to illustrate A. what the British and Americans have in common regarding their sense of humour. B. the contrast between the British and American attitude to using irony. C. the superiority of the British sense of humour over the American one. D. how the British and Americans signal irony before using it. 2.5. When talking about chat shows, the speaker A. wishes British celebrities didn’t boast so much about audience reactions in America. B. questions the sincerity of ovations given by Americans in chat shows. C. acknowledges British audiences’ ignorance of some aspects of American culture. D. admits that she feels uncomfortable about how Americans are received by British audiences. Strona 4 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 2.6. Which of the following is TRUE about the American sitcom Friends? A. Its immense popularity in Britain is inexplicable. B. It enjoys enduring popularity among the British public. C. It took some time for the British public to comprehend its humour. D. It exaggerates the differences between American and British humour.

1. A. what the British and Americans have in common regarding their sense of humour.
2. B. the contrast between the British and American attitude to using irony.
3. C. the superiority of the British sense of humour over the American one.
4. D. how the British and Americans signal irony before using it.

When talking about chat shows, the speaker

TASK 2. (0–6) You are going to hear two texts. For questions 2.1.–2.6., choose the answer which best matches what you have heard by circling the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Questions 2.1.–2.3. are for Text 1, questions 2.4.–2.6. are for Text 2. You will hear the recording twice. Text 1 2.1. According to Franny Moyle, the playing card on the back of the Portrait of a Lady A. signifies Anne’s royal descent. B. holds a clue which points to Henry’s fourth wife. C. indicates that the person portrayed had political power. D. conveys the message that the person’s identity was to be kept secret. 2.2. The ace of spades on the back of Thomas Cromwell’s miniature was probably intended to mean that Cromwell A. got his position at court thanks to his diplomatic skills. B. could skillfully avoid giving a straightforward reply. C. had a tendency to speak his mind. D. did not take “no” for an answer. 2.3. Franny Moyle argues that the Portrait of a Lady was painted because A. Anne wanted to project an image more appealing to English tastes. B. the painter was instructed to make Anne look younger than Catherine. C. King Henry insisted on his new bride being painted without a veil. D. Anne’s previous portrait had been disposed of by Catherine. Text 2 2.4. The speaker uses the kettle and teapot comparison to illustrate A. what the British and Americans have in common regarding their sense of humour. B. the contrast between the British and American attitude to using irony. C. the superiority of the British sense of humour over the American one. D. how the British and Americans signal irony before using it. 2.5. When talking about chat shows, the speaker A. wishes British celebrities didn’t boast so much about audience reactions in America. B. questions the sincerity of ovations given by Americans in chat shows. C. acknowledges British audiences’ ignorance of some aspects of American culture. D. admits that she feels uncomfortable about how Americans are received by British audiences. Strona 4 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 2.6. Which of the following is TRUE about the American sitcom Friends? A. Its immense popularity in Britain is inexplicable. B. It enjoys enduring popularity among the British public. C. It took some time for the British public to comprehend its humour. D. It exaggerates the differences between American and British humour.

1. A. wishes British celebrities didn’t boast so much about audience reactions in America.
2. B. questions the sincerity of ovations given by Americans in chat shows.
3. C. acknowledges British audiences’ ignorance of some aspects of American culture.
4. D. admits that she feels uncomfortable about how Americans are received by British audiences.

Which of the following is TRUE about the American sitcom Friends?

TASK 2. (0–6) You are going to hear two texts. For questions 2.1.–2.6., choose the answer which best matches what you have heard by circling the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). Questions 2.1.–2.3. are for Text 1, questions 2.4.–2.6. are for Text 2. You will hear the recording twice. Text 1 2.1. According to Franny Moyle, the playing card on the back of the Portrait of a Lady A. signifies Anne’s royal descent. B. holds a clue which points to Henry’s fourth wife. C. indicates that the person portrayed had political power. D. conveys the message that the person’s identity was to be kept secret. 2.2. The ace of spades on the back of Thomas Cromwell’s miniature was probably intended to mean that Cromwell A. got his position at court thanks to his diplomatic skills. B. could skillfully avoid giving a straightforward reply. C. had a tendency to speak his mind. D. did not take “no” for an answer. 2.3. Franny Moyle argues that the Portrait of a Lady was painted because A. Anne wanted to project an image more appealing to English tastes. B. the painter was instructed to make Anne look younger than Catherine. C. King Henry insisted on his new bride being painted without a veil. D. Anne’s previous portrait had been disposed of by Catherine. Text 2 2.4. The speaker uses the kettle and teapot comparison to illustrate A. what the British and Americans have in common regarding their sense of humour. B. the contrast between the British and American attitude to using irony. C. the superiority of the British sense of humour over the American one. D. how the British and Americans signal irony before using it. 2.5. When talking about chat shows, the speaker A. wishes British celebrities didn’t boast so much about audience reactions in America. B. questions the sincerity of ovations given by Americans in chat shows. C. acknowledges British audiences’ ignorance of some aspects of American culture. D. admits that she feels uncomfortable about how Americans are received by British audiences. Strona 4 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 2.6. Which of the following is TRUE about the American sitcom Friends? A. Its immense popularity in Britain is inexplicable. B. It enjoys enduring popularity among the British public. C. It took some time for the British public to comprehend its humour. D. It exaggerates the differences between American and British humour.

1. A. Its immense popularity in Britain is inexplicable.
2. B. It enjoys enduring popularity among the British public.
3. C. It took some time for the British public to comprehend its humour.
4. D. It exaggerates the differences between American and British humour.

Searching for a zebra in Etosha National Park is a challenge because ______________ _______________________________________________________.

TASK 3. (0–4) You are going to hear a story about the work of a vet in Africa. Based on what you hear, complete the gap in each sentence (3.1.–3.4.). You will hear the recording twice. 3.1. Searching for a zebra in Etosha National Park is a challenge because ______________ _______________________________________________________. 3.2. Agitation can be an indication that __________________________________________ ______________________________________ before being shot with a sedative dart. 3.3. According to the speaker, the zebra might have run towards the acacia tree to ________ ______________________________________________________________. 3.4. To take the blood samples, it was necessary to administer the sedative again as soon as ____________________________________________________________________ the acacia tree. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO TASKS 1 AND 2 TO THE ANSWER SHEET!

Agitation can be an indication that __________________________________________ ______________________________________ before being shot with a sedative dart.

TASK 3. (0–4) You are going to hear a story about the work of a vet in Africa. Based on what you hear, complete the gap in each sentence (3.1.–3.4.). You will hear the recording twice. 3.1. Searching for a zebra in Etosha National Park is a challenge because ______________ _______________________________________________________. 3.2. Agitation can be an indication that __________________________________________ ______________________________________ before being shot with a sedative dart. 3.3. According to the speaker, the zebra might have run towards the acacia tree to ________ ______________________________________________________________. 3.4. To take the blood samples, it was necessary to administer the sedative again as soon as ____________________________________________________________________ the acacia tree. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO TASKS 1 AND 2 TO THE ANSWER SHEET!

According to the speaker, the zebra might have run towards the acacia tree to ________ ______________________________________________________________.

TASK 3. (0–4) You are going to hear a story about the work of a vet in Africa. Based on what you hear, complete the gap in each sentence (3.1.–3.4.). You will hear the recording twice. 3.1. Searching for a zebra in Etosha National Park is a challenge because ______________ _______________________________________________________. 3.2. Agitation can be an indication that __________________________________________ ______________________________________ before being shot with a sedative dart. 3.3. According to the speaker, the zebra might have run towards the acacia tree to ________ ______________________________________________________________. 3.4. To take the blood samples, it was necessary to administer the sedative again as soon as ____________________________________________________________________ the acacia tree. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO TASKS 1 AND 2 TO THE ANSWER SHEET!

To take the blood samples, it was necessary to administer the sedative again as soon as ____________________________________________________________________ the acacia tree. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO TASKS 1 AND 2 TO THE ANSWER SHEET!

TASK 3. (0–4) You are going to hear a story about the work of a vet in Africa. Based on what you hear, complete the gap in each sentence (3.1.–3.4.). You will hear the recording twice. 3.1. Searching for a zebra in Etosha National Park is a challenge because ______________ _______________________________________________________. 3.2. Agitation can be an indication that __________________________________________ ______________________________________ before being shot with a sedative dart. 3.3. According to the speaker, the zebra might have run towards the acacia tree to ________ ______________________________________________________________. 3.4. To take the blood samples, it was necessary to administer the sedative again as soon as ____________________________________________________________________ the acacia tree. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO TASKS 1 AND 2 TO THE ANSWER SHEET!

The opening lines of the text illustrate that

TASK 4. (0–8) Read two texts about bosses. Do tasks 4.1.–4.8. Text 1 THIS SUMMER “Poppy,” Swapna says from the head of the dull gray conference table. “What have you got?” The benevolent ruler of the Rest + Relaxation magazine empire, Swapna Bakshi-Highsmith, could not possibly exemplify our fine magazine’s two core values any less. The last time Swapna rested was probably three years ago, when she was eight and a half months pregnant and on doctor-mandated bed rest. Even then, she spent the whole time video-conferencing with the office, so I don’t think there was a ton of relaxation involved. Everything about her is sharp and pointed and smart. Her winged eyeliner could slice through an aluminum can, and her emerald eyes could crush it afterward. In this moment, both are pointed squarely at me. “Poppy? Hello?” I blink out of my daze and lean forward. This has been happening to me a lot lately. When you have a job where you’re only required to come into the office once a week, it’s not ideal to zone out like a kid in algebra for fifty percent of that time, even less so to do it in front of your both terrifying and inspiring boss. I study the notepad in front of me. I used to come to the Friday meetings with dozens of excitedly scribbled pitches. I would work in a kind of panic. I’d spend three days before pitch meetings in something of a sweaty Google trance, scrolling through image after image of places I’d never been to, feeling something like hunger growling in my gut. Today, however, I spent ten minutes scrawling the names of countries. Countries, not even cities. Swapna is looking at me, waiting for me to pitch my next big summer feature, and I’m staring at the word Brazil. Brazil is the fifth-largest country in the world. You cannot write a short, snappy piece about vacationing in Brazil. You have to at least choose a specific region. I flip the page in my notebook, pretending to study the next one. It’s blank. When my co-worker Garrett leans toward me as if to read over my shoulder, I snap it closed. “St. Petersburg,” I say. Swapna arches an eyebrow. “We did St. Petersburg in our summer issue three years ago, remember?” “Amsterdam?” Garrett throws out next to me. “Amsterdam’s a spring city,” Swapna says, vaguely annoyed. “Besides, Amsterdam is so… trendy.” It is Swapna’s closely held belief that to be on trend is to be already late to that trend. If she senses the zeitgeist warming to the idea of Toruń, Poland, then Toruń’s banned for the next ten years. There’s a literal list pinned to a wall in the office, entitled “Places R+R Will Not Cover”. Each entry is in her handwriting and dated, and there’s something of an underground betting pool on when a city will be freed from the List. There’s never so much quiet excitement in the office as those mornings when Swapna marches in and strides up to the List, ready to cross off one of these banned cities. Everyone watches with bated breath, wondering which city she’s rescuing from Rest + Relaxation obscurity, and once she’s safely in her office, whoever’s closest to the List will run up to it, Strona 6 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 read the scratched out entry, and turn to whisper the name of the city to everyone in editorial. There’s usually silent celebration. When Paris was dropped from the List last fall, Garrett pulled a red beret out of a drawer in his desk, where he’d apparently been hiding it for just such an occasion. He wore it all day, pulling it off his head every time we heard the click and whine of Swapna’s door. He thought he’d gotten away with it too, until she paused beside his desk on her way out for the night and said, “Au revoir, Garrett.” His face had gone as bright as the beret, and though I didn’t think Swapna had meant it to be anything but funny, he’s never quite recovered his confidence since then. Adapted from: People We Meet on Vacation by Emily Henry For questions 4.1.–4.4., choose the answer that best matches the text and circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). 4.1. The opening lines of the text illustrate that A. Swapna attaches importance to unwinding when she is working from home. B. Swapna’s ambition is to show more empathy towards her employees. C. Swapna strives hard to achieve some work-life balance. D. Swapna’s lifestyle is not in line with what the magazine is about. 4.2. Poppy’s description of her preparations for the Friday meetings reveals A. her anxiety triggered by comments from the co-workers she wanted to outshine. B. the undesirable effects of Swapna’s mood swings on her staff. C. her insufficient involvement in earlier projects assigned by Swapna. D. the discrepancy between her former and current commitment to work. 4.3. When selecting places to promote in her magazine, Swapna A. does not encourage any contribution from her employees. B. rules out destinations which are coming into vogue. C. comes up with an arbitrary shortlist of her favourites. D. takes the underground betting pool into account. 4.4. Based on the last paragraph, we can conclude that Garrett A. was flattered by Swapna’s attention. B. treated Swapna’s comments with blatant disregard. C. felt intimidated by Swapna’s remark. D. appreciated Swapna’s peculiar sense of humour. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Text 2 A CHANGE FOR THE BETTER? Workplaces have become fairer thanks to a rising ethos of meritocracy: the idea that the best person for the job is the right person for the job. Formal assessment processes, for example, help ensure that job interviews are granted on merit, rather than being allocated on the basis of which CVs remind the hiring manager of a younger version of themselves. One consequence of meritocracy is the replacement of seniority-based promotion – where you get a better position “when it’s your time” – with one based on ability, a development that means younger people with the appropriate skills can leap over older colleagues and end up managing them. Unfortunately, according to new research published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior, it turns out that this can have nasty repercussions. Florian Kunze and Jochen Menges surveyed employees at 61 German companies. Nearly 8,000 participants reported an age difference in relation to their managers, and a subset described their experience of various negative emotions over the last six months. A quarter of the managers were younger than those they managed. Crucially, in companies where the size of the age gap between younger managers and older subordinates was statistically significant, employees tended to report more negative emotions, such as anger or fear. Why would this be? We are inclined to measure our life progress by using our peers as a benchmark, so if they pull ahead of us, rubbing our faces in our own inability to keep pace, a flash of envy is usually provoked. And it is even more irritating when those who are our juniors climb the ladder faster. More broadly, being under the supervision of someone younger than us is a simple incongruence of status. This is an engine for resentment-based negative emotions which can be detrimental to productivity if not well managed. When Kunze and Menges asked the leadership of each company to report on its recent financial results, as well as different measures of efficiency, they found that companies experiencing more negative emotions showed worse performance on all counts. Presumably this is due to declining enthusiasm for collective effort in the face of so much frustration. Kunze and Menges do not claim that companies should “revert to the old workplace with traditional age structures”. However, they do believe the negative repercussions that they’ve revealed should be addressed. One suggestion is to help older subordinates make sense of their feelings and explore whether they can come to terms with them, rather than simply suppressing them. I believe this would best be done in conjunction with changing the culture around “career timetables” and addressing issues of hierarchy and participation, so that old-timers, whether managers or not, can share their accrued wisdom within the organizations to which they have contributed for so long. Adapted from: digest.bps.org.uk Strona 8 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 Based on the text, complete sentences 4.5.–4.8. 4.5. From the first paragraph we learn that in many companies promotion no longer _____________________________________________________________________. 4.6. In the second paragraph, the author argues that employees’ negative emotions result from people’s natural tendency to compare themselves to colleagues who ___________ _____________________________________________________________________. 4.7. The survey findings showed that negative emotions led to ________________________ _________________________________ in the companies which took part in the study. 4.8. In the last paragraph, the author suggests how companies can ____________________ __________________________________________________.

1. A. Swapna attaches importance to unwinding when she is working from home.
2. B. Swapna’s ambition is to show more empathy towards her employees.
3. C. Swapna strives hard to achieve some work-life balance.
4. D. Swapna’s lifestyle is not in line with what the magazine is about.

Poppy’s description of her preparations for the Friday meetings reveals

TASK 4. (0–8) Read two texts about bosses. Do tasks 4.1.–4.8. Text 1 THIS SUMMER “Poppy,” Swapna says from the head of the dull gray conference table. “What have you got?” The benevolent ruler of the Rest + Relaxation magazine empire, Swapna Bakshi-Highsmith, could not possibly exemplify our fine magazine’s two core values any less. The last time Swapna rested was probably three years ago, when she was eight and a half months pregnant and on doctor-mandated bed rest. Even then, she spent the whole time video-conferencing with the office, so I don’t think there was a ton of relaxation involved. Everything about her is sharp and pointed and smart. Her winged eyeliner could slice through an aluminum can, and her emerald eyes could crush it afterward. In this moment, both are pointed squarely at me. “Poppy? Hello?” I blink out of my daze and lean forward. This has been happening to me a lot lately. When you have a job where you’re only required to come into the office once a week, it’s not ideal to zone out like a kid in algebra for fifty percent of that time, even less so to do it in front of your both terrifying and inspiring boss. I study the notepad in front of me. I used to come to the Friday meetings with dozens of excitedly scribbled pitches. I would work in a kind of panic. I’d spend three days before pitch meetings in something of a sweaty Google trance, scrolling through image after image of places I’d never been to, feeling something like hunger growling in my gut. Today, however, I spent ten minutes scrawling the names of countries. Countries, not even cities. Swapna is looking at me, waiting for me to pitch my next big summer feature, and I’m staring at the word Brazil. Brazil is the fifth-largest country in the world. You cannot write a short, snappy piece about vacationing in Brazil. You have to at least choose a specific region. I flip the page in my notebook, pretending to study the next one. It’s blank. When my co-worker Garrett leans toward me as if to read over my shoulder, I snap it closed. “St. Petersburg,” I say. Swapna arches an eyebrow. “We did St. Petersburg in our summer issue three years ago, remember?” “Amsterdam?” Garrett throws out next to me. “Amsterdam’s a spring city,” Swapna says, vaguely annoyed. “Besides, Amsterdam is so… trendy.” It is Swapna’s closely held belief that to be on trend is to be already late to that trend. If she senses the zeitgeist warming to the idea of Toruń, Poland, then Toruń’s banned for the next ten years. There’s a literal list pinned to a wall in the office, entitled “Places R+R Will Not Cover”. Each entry is in her handwriting and dated, and there’s something of an underground betting pool on when a city will be freed from the List. There’s never so much quiet excitement in the office as those mornings when Swapna marches in and strides up to the List, ready to cross off one of these banned cities. Everyone watches with bated breath, wondering which city she’s rescuing from Rest + Relaxation obscurity, and once she’s safely in her office, whoever’s closest to the List will run up to it, Strona 6 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 read the scratched out entry, and turn to whisper the name of the city to everyone in editorial. There’s usually silent celebration. When Paris was dropped from the List last fall, Garrett pulled a red beret out of a drawer in his desk, where he’d apparently been hiding it for just such an occasion. He wore it all day, pulling it off his head every time we heard the click and whine of Swapna’s door. He thought he’d gotten away with it too, until she paused beside his desk on her way out for the night and said, “Au revoir, Garrett.” His face had gone as bright as the beret, and though I didn’t think Swapna had meant it to be anything but funny, he’s never quite recovered his confidence since then. Adapted from: People We Meet on Vacation by Emily Henry For questions 4.1.–4.4., choose the answer that best matches the text and circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). 4.1. The opening lines of the text illustrate that A. Swapna attaches importance to unwinding when she is working from home. B. Swapna’s ambition is to show more empathy towards her employees. C. Swapna strives hard to achieve some work-life balance. D. Swapna’s lifestyle is not in line with what the magazine is about. 4.2. Poppy’s description of her preparations for the Friday meetings reveals A. her anxiety triggered by comments from the co-workers she wanted to outshine. B. the undesirable effects of Swapna’s mood swings on her staff. C. her insufficient involvement in earlier projects assigned by Swapna. D. the discrepancy between her former and current commitment to work. 4.3. When selecting places to promote in her magazine, Swapna A. does not encourage any contribution from her employees. B. rules out destinations which are coming into vogue. C. comes up with an arbitrary shortlist of her favourites. D. takes the underground betting pool into account. 4.4. Based on the last paragraph, we can conclude that Garrett A. was flattered by Swapna’s attention. B. treated Swapna’s comments with blatant disregard. C. felt intimidated by Swapna’s remark. D. appreciated Swapna’s peculiar sense of humour. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Text 2 A CHANGE FOR THE BETTER? Workplaces have become fairer thanks to a rising ethos of meritocracy: the idea that the best person for the job is the right person for the job. Formal assessment processes, for example, help ensure that job interviews are granted on merit, rather than being allocated on the basis of which CVs remind the hiring manager of a younger version of themselves. One consequence of meritocracy is the replacement of seniority-based promotion – where you get a better position “when it’s your time” – with one based on ability, a development that means younger people with the appropriate skills can leap over older colleagues and end up managing them. Unfortunately, according to new research published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior, it turns out that this can have nasty repercussions. Florian Kunze and Jochen Menges surveyed employees at 61 German companies. Nearly 8,000 participants reported an age difference in relation to their managers, and a subset described their experience of various negative emotions over the last six months. A quarter of the managers were younger than those they managed. Crucially, in companies where the size of the age gap between younger managers and older subordinates was statistically significant, employees tended to report more negative emotions, such as anger or fear. Why would this be? We are inclined to measure our life progress by using our peers as a benchmark, so if they pull ahead of us, rubbing our faces in our own inability to keep pace, a flash of envy is usually provoked. And it is even more irritating when those who are our juniors climb the ladder faster. More broadly, being under the supervision of someone younger than us is a simple incongruence of status. This is an engine for resentment-based negative emotions which can be detrimental to productivity if not well managed. When Kunze and Menges asked the leadership of each company to report on its recent financial results, as well as different measures of efficiency, they found that companies experiencing more negative emotions showed worse performance on all counts. Presumably this is due to declining enthusiasm for collective effort in the face of so much frustration. Kunze and Menges do not claim that companies should “revert to the old workplace with traditional age structures”. However, they do believe the negative repercussions that they’ve revealed should be addressed. One suggestion is to help older subordinates make sense of their feelings and explore whether they can come to terms with them, rather than simply suppressing them. I believe this would best be done in conjunction with changing the culture around “career timetables” and addressing issues of hierarchy and participation, so that old-timers, whether managers or not, can share their accrued wisdom within the organizations to which they have contributed for so long. Adapted from: digest.bps.org.uk Strona 8 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 Based on the text, complete sentences 4.5.–4.8. 4.5. From the first paragraph we learn that in many companies promotion no longer _____________________________________________________________________. 4.6. In the second paragraph, the author argues that employees’ negative emotions result from people’s natural tendency to compare themselves to colleagues who ___________ _____________________________________________________________________. 4.7. The survey findings showed that negative emotions led to ________________________ _________________________________ in the companies which took part in the study. 4.8. In the last paragraph, the author suggests how companies can ____________________ __________________________________________________.

1. A. her anxiety triggered by comments from the co-workers she wanted to outshine.
2. B. the undesirable effects of Swapna’s mood swings on her staff.
3. C. her insufficient involvement in earlier projects assigned by Swapna.
4. D. the discrepancy between her former and current commitment to work.

When selecting places to promote in her magazine, Swapna

TASK 4. (0–8) Read two texts about bosses. Do tasks 4.1.–4.8. Text 1 THIS SUMMER “Poppy,” Swapna says from the head of the dull gray conference table. “What have you got?” The benevolent ruler of the Rest + Relaxation magazine empire, Swapna Bakshi-Highsmith, could not possibly exemplify our fine magazine’s two core values any less. The last time Swapna rested was probably three years ago, when she was eight and a half months pregnant and on doctor-mandated bed rest. Even then, she spent the whole time video-conferencing with the office, so I don’t think there was a ton of relaxation involved. Everything about her is sharp and pointed and smart. Her winged eyeliner could slice through an aluminum can, and her emerald eyes could crush it afterward. In this moment, both are pointed squarely at me. “Poppy? Hello?” I blink out of my daze and lean forward. This has been happening to me a lot lately. When you have a job where you’re only required to come into the office once a week, it’s not ideal to zone out like a kid in algebra for fifty percent of that time, even less so to do it in front of your both terrifying and inspiring boss. I study the notepad in front of me. I used to come to the Friday meetings with dozens of excitedly scribbled pitches. I would work in a kind of panic. I’d spend three days before pitch meetings in something of a sweaty Google trance, scrolling through image after image of places I’d never been to, feeling something like hunger growling in my gut. Today, however, I spent ten minutes scrawling the names of countries. Countries, not even cities. Swapna is looking at me, waiting for me to pitch my next big summer feature, and I’m staring at the word Brazil. Brazil is the fifth-largest country in the world. You cannot write a short, snappy piece about vacationing in Brazil. You have to at least choose a specific region. I flip the page in my notebook, pretending to study the next one. It’s blank. When my co-worker Garrett leans toward me as if to read over my shoulder, I snap it closed. “St. Petersburg,” I say. Swapna arches an eyebrow. “We did St. Petersburg in our summer issue three years ago, remember?” “Amsterdam?” Garrett throws out next to me. “Amsterdam’s a spring city,” Swapna says, vaguely annoyed. “Besides, Amsterdam is so… trendy.” It is Swapna’s closely held belief that to be on trend is to be already late to that trend. If she senses the zeitgeist warming to the idea of Toruń, Poland, then Toruń’s banned for the next ten years. There’s a literal list pinned to a wall in the office, entitled “Places R+R Will Not Cover”. Each entry is in her handwriting and dated, and there’s something of an underground betting pool on when a city will be freed from the List. There’s never so much quiet excitement in the office as those mornings when Swapna marches in and strides up to the List, ready to cross off one of these banned cities. Everyone watches with bated breath, wondering which city she’s rescuing from Rest + Relaxation obscurity, and once she’s safely in her office, whoever’s closest to the List will run up to it, Strona 6 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 read the scratched out entry, and turn to whisper the name of the city to everyone in editorial. There’s usually silent celebration. When Paris was dropped from the List last fall, Garrett pulled a red beret out of a drawer in his desk, where he’d apparently been hiding it for just such an occasion. He wore it all day, pulling it off his head every time we heard the click and whine of Swapna’s door. He thought he’d gotten away with it too, until she paused beside his desk on her way out for the night and said, “Au revoir, Garrett.” His face had gone as bright as the beret, and though I didn’t think Swapna had meant it to be anything but funny, he’s never quite recovered his confidence since then. Adapted from: People We Meet on Vacation by Emily Henry For questions 4.1.–4.4., choose the answer that best matches the text and circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). 4.1. The opening lines of the text illustrate that A. Swapna attaches importance to unwinding when she is working from home. B. Swapna’s ambition is to show more empathy towards her employees. C. Swapna strives hard to achieve some work-life balance. D. Swapna’s lifestyle is not in line with what the magazine is about. 4.2. Poppy’s description of her preparations for the Friday meetings reveals A. her anxiety triggered by comments from the co-workers she wanted to outshine. B. the undesirable effects of Swapna’s mood swings on her staff. C. her insufficient involvement in earlier projects assigned by Swapna. D. the discrepancy between her former and current commitment to work. 4.3. When selecting places to promote in her magazine, Swapna A. does not encourage any contribution from her employees. B. rules out destinations which are coming into vogue. C. comes up with an arbitrary shortlist of her favourites. D. takes the underground betting pool into account. 4.4. Based on the last paragraph, we can conclude that Garrett A. was flattered by Swapna’s attention. B. treated Swapna’s comments with blatant disregard. C. felt intimidated by Swapna’s remark. D. appreciated Swapna’s peculiar sense of humour. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Text 2 A CHANGE FOR THE BETTER? Workplaces have become fairer thanks to a rising ethos of meritocracy: the idea that the best person for the job is the right person for the job. Formal assessment processes, for example, help ensure that job interviews are granted on merit, rather than being allocated on the basis of which CVs remind the hiring manager of a younger version of themselves. One consequence of meritocracy is the replacement of seniority-based promotion – where you get a better position “when it’s your time” – with one based on ability, a development that means younger people with the appropriate skills can leap over older colleagues and end up managing them. Unfortunately, according to new research published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior, it turns out that this can have nasty repercussions. Florian Kunze and Jochen Menges surveyed employees at 61 German companies. Nearly 8,000 participants reported an age difference in relation to their managers, and a subset described their experience of various negative emotions over the last six months. A quarter of the managers were younger than those they managed. Crucially, in companies where the size of the age gap between younger managers and older subordinates was statistically significant, employees tended to report more negative emotions, such as anger or fear. Why would this be? We are inclined to measure our life progress by using our peers as a benchmark, so if they pull ahead of us, rubbing our faces in our own inability to keep pace, a flash of envy is usually provoked. And it is even more irritating when those who are our juniors climb the ladder faster. More broadly, being under the supervision of someone younger than us is a simple incongruence of status. This is an engine for resentment-based negative emotions which can be detrimental to productivity if not well managed. When Kunze and Menges asked the leadership of each company to report on its recent financial results, as well as different measures of efficiency, they found that companies experiencing more negative emotions showed worse performance on all counts. Presumably this is due to declining enthusiasm for collective effort in the face of so much frustration. Kunze and Menges do not claim that companies should “revert to the old workplace with traditional age structures”. However, they do believe the negative repercussions that they’ve revealed should be addressed. One suggestion is to help older subordinates make sense of their feelings and explore whether they can come to terms with them, rather than simply suppressing them. I believe this would best be done in conjunction with changing the culture around “career timetables” and addressing issues of hierarchy and participation, so that old-timers, whether managers or not, can share their accrued wisdom within the organizations to which they have contributed for so long. Adapted from: digest.bps.org.uk Strona 8 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 Based on the text, complete sentences 4.5.–4.8. 4.5. From the first paragraph we learn that in many companies promotion no longer _____________________________________________________________________. 4.6. In the second paragraph, the author argues that employees’ negative emotions result from people’s natural tendency to compare themselves to colleagues who ___________ _____________________________________________________________________. 4.7. The survey findings showed that negative emotions led to ________________________ _________________________________ in the companies which took part in the study. 4.8. In the last paragraph, the author suggests how companies can ____________________ __________________________________________________.

1. A. does not encourage any contribution from her employees.
2. B. rules out destinations which are coming into vogue.
3. C. comes up with an arbitrary shortlist of her favourites.
4. D. takes the underground betting pool into account.

Based on the last paragraph, we can conclude that Garrett

TASK 4. (0–8) Read two texts about bosses. Do tasks 4.1.–4.8. Text 1 THIS SUMMER “Poppy,” Swapna says from the head of the dull gray conference table. “What have you got?” The benevolent ruler of the Rest + Relaxation magazine empire, Swapna Bakshi-Highsmith, could not possibly exemplify our fine magazine’s two core values any less. The last time Swapna rested was probably three years ago, when she was eight and a half months pregnant and on doctor-mandated bed rest. Even then, she spent the whole time video-conferencing with the office, so I don’t think there was a ton of relaxation involved. Everything about her is sharp and pointed and smart. Her winged eyeliner could slice through an aluminum can, and her emerald eyes could crush it afterward. In this moment, both are pointed squarely at me. “Poppy? Hello?” I blink out of my daze and lean forward. This has been happening to me a lot lately. When you have a job where you’re only required to come into the office once a week, it’s not ideal to zone out like a kid in algebra for fifty percent of that time, even less so to do it in front of your both terrifying and inspiring boss. I study the notepad in front of me. I used to come to the Friday meetings with dozens of excitedly scribbled pitches. I would work in a kind of panic. I’d spend three days before pitch meetings in something of a sweaty Google trance, scrolling through image after image of places I’d never been to, feeling something like hunger growling in my gut. Today, however, I spent ten minutes scrawling the names of countries. Countries, not even cities. Swapna is looking at me, waiting for me to pitch my next big summer feature, and I’m staring at the word Brazil. Brazil is the fifth-largest country in the world. You cannot write a short, snappy piece about vacationing in Brazil. You have to at least choose a specific region. I flip the page in my notebook, pretending to study the next one. It’s blank. When my co-worker Garrett leans toward me as if to read over my shoulder, I snap it closed. “St. Petersburg,” I say. Swapna arches an eyebrow. “We did St. Petersburg in our summer issue three years ago, remember?” “Amsterdam?” Garrett throws out next to me. “Amsterdam’s a spring city,” Swapna says, vaguely annoyed. “Besides, Amsterdam is so… trendy.” It is Swapna’s closely held belief that to be on trend is to be already late to that trend. If she senses the zeitgeist warming to the idea of Toruń, Poland, then Toruń’s banned for the next ten years. There’s a literal list pinned to a wall in the office, entitled “Places R+R Will Not Cover”. Each entry is in her handwriting and dated, and there’s something of an underground betting pool on when a city will be freed from the List. There’s never so much quiet excitement in the office as those mornings when Swapna marches in and strides up to the List, ready to cross off one of these banned cities. Everyone watches with bated breath, wondering which city she’s rescuing from Rest + Relaxation obscurity, and once she’s safely in her office, whoever’s closest to the List will run up to it, Strona 6 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 read the scratched out entry, and turn to whisper the name of the city to everyone in editorial. There’s usually silent celebration. When Paris was dropped from the List last fall, Garrett pulled a red beret out of a drawer in his desk, where he’d apparently been hiding it for just such an occasion. He wore it all day, pulling it off his head every time we heard the click and whine of Swapna’s door. He thought he’d gotten away with it too, until she paused beside his desk on her way out for the night and said, “Au revoir, Garrett.” His face had gone as bright as the beret, and though I didn’t think Swapna had meant it to be anything but funny, he’s never quite recovered his confidence since then. Adapted from: People We Meet on Vacation by Emily Henry For questions 4.1.–4.4., choose the answer that best matches the text and circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). 4.1. The opening lines of the text illustrate that A. Swapna attaches importance to unwinding when she is working from home. B. Swapna’s ambition is to show more empathy towards her employees. C. Swapna strives hard to achieve some work-life balance. D. Swapna’s lifestyle is not in line with what the magazine is about. 4.2. Poppy’s description of her preparations for the Friday meetings reveals A. her anxiety triggered by comments from the co-workers she wanted to outshine. B. the undesirable effects of Swapna’s mood swings on her staff. C. her insufficient involvement in earlier projects assigned by Swapna. D. the discrepancy between her former and current commitment to work. 4.3. When selecting places to promote in her magazine, Swapna A. does not encourage any contribution from her employees. B. rules out destinations which are coming into vogue. C. comes up with an arbitrary shortlist of her favourites. D. takes the underground betting pool into account. 4.4. Based on the last paragraph, we can conclude that Garrett A. was flattered by Swapna’s attention. B. treated Swapna’s comments with blatant disregard. C. felt intimidated by Swapna’s remark. D. appreciated Swapna’s peculiar sense of humour. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Text 2 A CHANGE FOR THE BETTER? Workplaces have become fairer thanks to a rising ethos of meritocracy: the idea that the best person for the job is the right person for the job. Formal assessment processes, for example, help ensure that job interviews are granted on merit, rather than being allocated on the basis of which CVs remind the hiring manager of a younger version of themselves. One consequence of meritocracy is the replacement of seniority-based promotion – where you get a better position “when it’s your time” – with one based on ability, a development that means younger people with the appropriate skills can leap over older colleagues and end up managing them. Unfortunately, according to new research published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior, it turns out that this can have nasty repercussions. Florian Kunze and Jochen Menges surveyed employees at 61 German companies. Nearly 8,000 participants reported an age difference in relation to their managers, and a subset described their experience of various negative emotions over the last six months. A quarter of the managers were younger than those they managed. Crucially, in companies where the size of the age gap between younger managers and older subordinates was statistically significant, employees tended to report more negative emotions, such as anger or fear. Why would this be? We are inclined to measure our life progress by using our peers as a benchmark, so if they pull ahead of us, rubbing our faces in our own inability to keep pace, a flash of envy is usually provoked. And it is even more irritating when those who are our juniors climb the ladder faster. More broadly, being under the supervision of someone younger than us is a simple incongruence of status. This is an engine for resentment-based negative emotions which can be detrimental to productivity if not well managed. When Kunze and Menges asked the leadership of each company to report on its recent financial results, as well as different measures of efficiency, they found that companies experiencing more negative emotions showed worse performance on all counts. Presumably this is due to declining enthusiasm for collective effort in the face of so much frustration. Kunze and Menges do not claim that companies should “revert to the old workplace with traditional age structures”. However, they do believe the negative repercussions that they’ve revealed should be addressed. One suggestion is to help older subordinates make sense of their feelings and explore whether they can come to terms with them, rather than simply suppressing them. I believe this would best be done in conjunction with changing the culture around “career timetables” and addressing issues of hierarchy and participation, so that old-timers, whether managers or not, can share their accrued wisdom within the organizations to which they have contributed for so long. Adapted from: digest.bps.org.uk Strona 8 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 Based on the text, complete sentences 4.5.–4.8. 4.5. From the first paragraph we learn that in many companies promotion no longer _____________________________________________________________________. 4.6. In the second paragraph, the author argues that employees’ negative emotions result from people’s natural tendency to compare themselves to colleagues who ___________ _____________________________________________________________________. 4.7. The survey findings showed that negative emotions led to ________________________ _________________________________ in the companies which took part in the study. 4.8. In the last paragraph, the author suggests how companies can ____________________ __________________________________________________.

1. A. was flattered by Swapna’s attention.
2. B. treated Swapna’s comments with blatant disregard.
3. C. felt intimidated by Swapna’s remark.
4. D. appreciated Swapna’s peculiar sense of humour. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET!

From the first paragraph we learn that in many companies promotion no longer _____________________________________________________________________.

TASK 4. (0–8) Read two texts about bosses. Do tasks 4.1.–4.8. Text 1 THIS SUMMER “Poppy,” Swapna says from the head of the dull gray conference table. “What have you got?” The benevolent ruler of the Rest + Relaxation magazine empire, Swapna Bakshi-Highsmith, could not possibly exemplify our fine magazine’s two core values any less. The last time Swapna rested was probably three years ago, when she was eight and a half months pregnant and on doctor-mandated bed rest. Even then, she spent the whole time video-conferencing with the office, so I don’t think there was a ton of relaxation involved. Everything about her is sharp and pointed and smart. Her winged eyeliner could slice through an aluminum can, and her emerald eyes could crush it afterward. In this moment, both are pointed squarely at me. “Poppy? Hello?” I blink out of my daze and lean forward. This has been happening to me a lot lately. When you have a job where you’re only required to come into the office once a week, it’s not ideal to zone out like a kid in algebra for fifty percent of that time, even less so to do it in front of your both terrifying and inspiring boss. I study the notepad in front of me. I used to come to the Friday meetings with dozens of excitedly scribbled pitches. I would work in a kind of panic. I’d spend three days before pitch meetings in something of a sweaty Google trance, scrolling through image after image of places I’d never been to, feeling something like hunger growling in my gut. Today, however, I spent ten minutes scrawling the names of countries. Countries, not even cities. Swapna is looking at me, waiting for me to pitch my next big summer feature, and I’m staring at the word Brazil. Brazil is the fifth-largest country in the world. You cannot write a short, snappy piece about vacationing in Brazil. You have to at least choose a specific region. I flip the page in my notebook, pretending to study the next one. It’s blank. When my co-worker Garrett leans toward me as if to read over my shoulder, I snap it closed. “St. Petersburg,” I say. Swapna arches an eyebrow. “We did St. Petersburg in our summer issue three years ago, remember?” “Amsterdam?” Garrett throws out next to me. “Amsterdam’s a spring city,” Swapna says, vaguely annoyed. “Besides, Amsterdam is so… trendy.” It is Swapna’s closely held belief that to be on trend is to be already late to that trend. If she senses the zeitgeist warming to the idea of Toruń, Poland, then Toruń’s banned for the next ten years. There’s a literal list pinned to a wall in the office, entitled “Places R+R Will Not Cover”. Each entry is in her handwriting and dated, and there’s something of an underground betting pool on when a city will be freed from the List. There’s never so much quiet excitement in the office as those mornings when Swapna marches in and strides up to the List, ready to cross off one of these banned cities. Everyone watches with bated breath, wondering which city she’s rescuing from Rest + Relaxation obscurity, and once she’s safely in her office, whoever’s closest to the List will run up to it, Strona 6 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 read the scratched out entry, and turn to whisper the name of the city to everyone in editorial. There’s usually silent celebration. When Paris was dropped from the List last fall, Garrett pulled a red beret out of a drawer in his desk, where he’d apparently been hiding it for just such an occasion. He wore it all day, pulling it off his head every time we heard the click and whine of Swapna’s door. He thought he’d gotten away with it too, until she paused beside his desk on her way out for the night and said, “Au revoir, Garrett.” His face had gone as bright as the beret, and though I didn’t think Swapna had meant it to be anything but funny, he’s never quite recovered his confidence since then. Adapted from: People We Meet on Vacation by Emily Henry For questions 4.1.–4.4., choose the answer that best matches the text and circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). 4.1. The opening lines of the text illustrate that A. Swapna attaches importance to unwinding when she is working from home. B. Swapna’s ambition is to show more empathy towards her employees. C. Swapna strives hard to achieve some work-life balance. D. Swapna’s lifestyle is not in line with what the magazine is about. 4.2. Poppy’s description of her preparations for the Friday meetings reveals A. her anxiety triggered by comments from the co-workers she wanted to outshine. B. the undesirable effects of Swapna’s mood swings on her staff. C. her insufficient involvement in earlier projects assigned by Swapna. D. the discrepancy between her former and current commitment to work. 4.3. When selecting places to promote in her magazine, Swapna A. does not encourage any contribution from her employees. B. rules out destinations which are coming into vogue. C. comes up with an arbitrary shortlist of her favourites. D. takes the underground betting pool into account. 4.4. Based on the last paragraph, we can conclude that Garrett A. was flattered by Swapna’s attention. B. treated Swapna’s comments with blatant disregard. C. felt intimidated by Swapna’s remark. D. appreciated Swapna’s peculiar sense of humour. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Text 2 A CHANGE FOR THE BETTER? Workplaces have become fairer thanks to a rising ethos of meritocracy: the idea that the best person for the job is the right person for the job. Formal assessment processes, for example, help ensure that job interviews are granted on merit, rather than being allocated on the basis of which CVs remind the hiring manager of a younger version of themselves. One consequence of meritocracy is the replacement of seniority-based promotion – where you get a better position “when it’s your time” – with one based on ability, a development that means younger people with the appropriate skills can leap over older colleagues and end up managing them. Unfortunately, according to new research published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior, it turns out that this can have nasty repercussions. Florian Kunze and Jochen Menges surveyed employees at 61 German companies. Nearly 8,000 participants reported an age difference in relation to their managers, and a subset described their experience of various negative emotions over the last six months. A quarter of the managers were younger than those they managed. Crucially, in companies where the size of the age gap between younger managers and older subordinates was statistically significant, employees tended to report more negative emotions, such as anger or fear. Why would this be? We are inclined to measure our life progress by using our peers as a benchmark, so if they pull ahead of us, rubbing our faces in our own inability to keep pace, a flash of envy is usually provoked. And it is even more irritating when those who are our juniors climb the ladder faster. More broadly, being under the supervision of someone younger than us is a simple incongruence of status. This is an engine for resentment-based negative emotions which can be detrimental to productivity if not well managed. When Kunze and Menges asked the leadership of each company to report on its recent financial results, as well as different measures of efficiency, they found that companies experiencing more negative emotions showed worse performance on all counts. Presumably this is due to declining enthusiasm for collective effort in the face of so much frustration. Kunze and Menges do not claim that companies should “revert to the old workplace with traditional age structures”. However, they do believe the negative repercussions that they’ve revealed should be addressed. One suggestion is to help older subordinates make sense of their feelings and explore whether they can come to terms with them, rather than simply suppressing them. I believe this would best be done in conjunction with changing the culture around “career timetables” and addressing issues of hierarchy and participation, so that old-timers, whether managers or not, can share their accrued wisdom within the organizations to which they have contributed for so long. Adapted from: digest.bps.org.uk Strona 8 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 Based on the text, complete sentences 4.5.–4.8. 4.5. From the first paragraph we learn that in many companies promotion no longer _____________________________________________________________________. 4.6. In the second paragraph, the author argues that employees’ negative emotions result from people’s natural tendency to compare themselves to colleagues who ___________ _____________________________________________________________________. 4.7. The survey findings showed that negative emotions led to ________________________ _________________________________ in the companies which took part in the study. 4.8. In the last paragraph, the author suggests how companies can ____________________ __________________________________________________.

In the second paragraph, the author argues that employees’ negative emotions result from people’s natural tendency to compare themselves to colleagues who ___________ _____________________________________________________________________.

TASK 4. (0–8) Read two texts about bosses. Do tasks 4.1.–4.8. Text 1 THIS SUMMER “Poppy,” Swapna says from the head of the dull gray conference table. “What have you got?” The benevolent ruler of the Rest + Relaxation magazine empire, Swapna Bakshi-Highsmith, could not possibly exemplify our fine magazine’s two core values any less. The last time Swapna rested was probably three years ago, when she was eight and a half months pregnant and on doctor-mandated bed rest. Even then, she spent the whole time video-conferencing with the office, so I don’t think there was a ton of relaxation involved. Everything about her is sharp and pointed and smart. Her winged eyeliner could slice through an aluminum can, and her emerald eyes could crush it afterward. In this moment, both are pointed squarely at me. “Poppy? Hello?” I blink out of my daze and lean forward. This has been happening to me a lot lately. When you have a job where you’re only required to come into the office once a week, it’s not ideal to zone out like a kid in algebra for fifty percent of that time, even less so to do it in front of your both terrifying and inspiring boss. I study the notepad in front of me. I used to come to the Friday meetings with dozens of excitedly scribbled pitches. I would work in a kind of panic. I’d spend three days before pitch meetings in something of a sweaty Google trance, scrolling through image after image of places I’d never been to, feeling something like hunger growling in my gut. Today, however, I spent ten minutes scrawling the names of countries. Countries, not even cities. Swapna is looking at me, waiting for me to pitch my next big summer feature, and I’m staring at the word Brazil. Brazil is the fifth-largest country in the world. You cannot write a short, snappy piece about vacationing in Brazil. You have to at least choose a specific region. I flip the page in my notebook, pretending to study the next one. It’s blank. When my co-worker Garrett leans toward me as if to read over my shoulder, I snap it closed. “St. Petersburg,” I say. Swapna arches an eyebrow. “We did St. Petersburg in our summer issue three years ago, remember?” “Amsterdam?” Garrett throws out next to me. “Amsterdam’s a spring city,” Swapna says, vaguely annoyed. “Besides, Amsterdam is so… trendy.” It is Swapna’s closely held belief that to be on trend is to be already late to that trend. If she senses the zeitgeist warming to the idea of Toruń, Poland, then Toruń’s banned for the next ten years. There’s a literal list pinned to a wall in the office, entitled “Places R+R Will Not Cover”. Each entry is in her handwriting and dated, and there’s something of an underground betting pool on when a city will be freed from the List. There’s never so much quiet excitement in the office as those mornings when Swapna marches in and strides up to the List, ready to cross off one of these banned cities. Everyone watches with bated breath, wondering which city she’s rescuing from Rest + Relaxation obscurity, and once she’s safely in her office, whoever’s closest to the List will run up to it, Strona 6 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 read the scratched out entry, and turn to whisper the name of the city to everyone in editorial. There’s usually silent celebration. When Paris was dropped from the List last fall, Garrett pulled a red beret out of a drawer in his desk, where he’d apparently been hiding it for just such an occasion. He wore it all day, pulling it off his head every time we heard the click and whine of Swapna’s door. He thought he’d gotten away with it too, until she paused beside his desk on her way out for the night and said, “Au revoir, Garrett.” His face had gone as bright as the beret, and though I didn’t think Swapna had meant it to be anything but funny, he’s never quite recovered his confidence since then. Adapted from: People We Meet on Vacation by Emily Henry For questions 4.1.–4.4., choose the answer that best matches the text and circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). 4.1. The opening lines of the text illustrate that A. Swapna attaches importance to unwinding when she is working from home. B. Swapna’s ambition is to show more empathy towards her employees. C. Swapna strives hard to achieve some work-life balance. D. Swapna’s lifestyle is not in line with what the magazine is about. 4.2. Poppy’s description of her preparations for the Friday meetings reveals A. her anxiety triggered by comments from the co-workers she wanted to outshine. B. the undesirable effects of Swapna’s mood swings on her staff. C. her insufficient involvement in earlier projects assigned by Swapna. D. the discrepancy between her former and current commitment to work. 4.3. When selecting places to promote in her magazine, Swapna A. does not encourage any contribution from her employees. B. rules out destinations which are coming into vogue. C. comes up with an arbitrary shortlist of her favourites. D. takes the underground betting pool into account. 4.4. Based on the last paragraph, we can conclude that Garrett A. was flattered by Swapna’s attention. B. treated Swapna’s comments with blatant disregard. C. felt intimidated by Swapna’s remark. D. appreciated Swapna’s peculiar sense of humour. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Text 2 A CHANGE FOR THE BETTER? Workplaces have become fairer thanks to a rising ethos of meritocracy: the idea that the best person for the job is the right person for the job. Formal assessment processes, for example, help ensure that job interviews are granted on merit, rather than being allocated on the basis of which CVs remind the hiring manager of a younger version of themselves. One consequence of meritocracy is the replacement of seniority-based promotion – where you get a better position “when it’s your time” – with one based on ability, a development that means younger people with the appropriate skills can leap over older colleagues and end up managing them. Unfortunately, according to new research published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior, it turns out that this can have nasty repercussions. Florian Kunze and Jochen Menges surveyed employees at 61 German companies. Nearly 8,000 participants reported an age difference in relation to their managers, and a subset described their experience of various negative emotions over the last six months. A quarter of the managers were younger than those they managed. Crucially, in companies where the size of the age gap between younger managers and older subordinates was statistically significant, employees tended to report more negative emotions, such as anger or fear. Why would this be? We are inclined to measure our life progress by using our peers as a benchmark, so if they pull ahead of us, rubbing our faces in our own inability to keep pace, a flash of envy is usually provoked. And it is even more irritating when those who are our juniors climb the ladder faster. More broadly, being under the supervision of someone younger than us is a simple incongruence of status. This is an engine for resentment-based negative emotions which can be detrimental to productivity if not well managed. When Kunze and Menges asked the leadership of each company to report on its recent financial results, as well as different measures of efficiency, they found that companies experiencing more negative emotions showed worse performance on all counts. Presumably this is due to declining enthusiasm for collective effort in the face of so much frustration. Kunze and Menges do not claim that companies should “revert to the old workplace with traditional age structures”. However, they do believe the negative repercussions that they’ve revealed should be addressed. One suggestion is to help older subordinates make sense of their feelings and explore whether they can come to terms with them, rather than simply suppressing them. I believe this would best be done in conjunction with changing the culture around “career timetables” and addressing issues of hierarchy and participation, so that old-timers, whether managers or not, can share their accrued wisdom within the organizations to which they have contributed for so long. Adapted from: digest.bps.org.uk Strona 8 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 Based on the text, complete sentences 4.5.–4.8. 4.5. From the first paragraph we learn that in many companies promotion no longer _____________________________________________________________________. 4.6. In the second paragraph, the author argues that employees’ negative emotions result from people’s natural tendency to compare themselves to colleagues who ___________ _____________________________________________________________________. 4.7. The survey findings showed that negative emotions led to ________________________ _________________________________ in the companies which took part in the study. 4.8. In the last paragraph, the author suggests how companies can ____________________ __________________________________________________.

The survey findings showed that negative emotions led to ________________________ _________________________________ in the companies which took part in the study.

TASK 4. (0–8) Read two texts about bosses. Do tasks 4.1.–4.8. Text 1 THIS SUMMER “Poppy,” Swapna says from the head of the dull gray conference table. “What have you got?” The benevolent ruler of the Rest + Relaxation magazine empire, Swapna Bakshi-Highsmith, could not possibly exemplify our fine magazine’s two core values any less. The last time Swapna rested was probably three years ago, when she was eight and a half months pregnant and on doctor-mandated bed rest. Even then, she spent the whole time video-conferencing with the office, so I don’t think there was a ton of relaxation involved. Everything about her is sharp and pointed and smart. Her winged eyeliner could slice through an aluminum can, and her emerald eyes could crush it afterward. In this moment, both are pointed squarely at me. “Poppy? Hello?” I blink out of my daze and lean forward. This has been happening to me a lot lately. When you have a job where you’re only required to come into the office once a week, it’s not ideal to zone out like a kid in algebra for fifty percent of that time, even less so to do it in front of your both terrifying and inspiring boss. I study the notepad in front of me. I used to come to the Friday meetings with dozens of excitedly scribbled pitches. I would work in a kind of panic. I’d spend three days before pitch meetings in something of a sweaty Google trance, scrolling through image after image of places I’d never been to, feeling something like hunger growling in my gut. Today, however, I spent ten minutes scrawling the names of countries. Countries, not even cities. Swapna is looking at me, waiting for me to pitch my next big summer feature, and I’m staring at the word Brazil. Brazil is the fifth-largest country in the world. You cannot write a short, snappy piece about vacationing in Brazil. You have to at least choose a specific region. I flip the page in my notebook, pretending to study the next one. It’s blank. When my co-worker Garrett leans toward me as if to read over my shoulder, I snap it closed. “St. Petersburg,” I say. Swapna arches an eyebrow. “We did St. Petersburg in our summer issue three years ago, remember?” “Amsterdam?” Garrett throws out next to me. “Amsterdam’s a spring city,” Swapna says, vaguely annoyed. “Besides, Amsterdam is so… trendy.” It is Swapna’s closely held belief that to be on trend is to be already late to that trend. If she senses the zeitgeist warming to the idea of Toruń, Poland, then Toruń’s banned for the next ten years. There’s a literal list pinned to a wall in the office, entitled “Places R+R Will Not Cover”. Each entry is in her handwriting and dated, and there’s something of an underground betting pool on when a city will be freed from the List. There’s never so much quiet excitement in the office as those mornings when Swapna marches in and strides up to the List, ready to cross off one of these banned cities. Everyone watches with bated breath, wondering which city she’s rescuing from Rest + Relaxation obscurity, and once she’s safely in her office, whoever’s closest to the List will run up to it, Strona 6 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 read the scratched out entry, and turn to whisper the name of the city to everyone in editorial. There’s usually silent celebration. When Paris was dropped from the List last fall, Garrett pulled a red beret out of a drawer in his desk, where he’d apparently been hiding it for just such an occasion. He wore it all day, pulling it off his head every time we heard the click and whine of Swapna’s door. He thought he’d gotten away with it too, until she paused beside his desk on her way out for the night and said, “Au revoir, Garrett.” His face had gone as bright as the beret, and though I didn’t think Swapna had meant it to be anything but funny, he’s never quite recovered his confidence since then. Adapted from: People We Meet on Vacation by Emily Henry For questions 4.1.–4.4., choose the answer that best matches the text and circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). 4.1. The opening lines of the text illustrate that A. Swapna attaches importance to unwinding when she is working from home. B. Swapna’s ambition is to show more empathy towards her employees. C. Swapna strives hard to achieve some work-life balance. D. Swapna’s lifestyle is not in line with what the magazine is about. 4.2. Poppy’s description of her preparations for the Friday meetings reveals A. her anxiety triggered by comments from the co-workers she wanted to outshine. B. the undesirable effects of Swapna’s mood swings on her staff. C. her insufficient involvement in earlier projects assigned by Swapna. D. the discrepancy between her former and current commitment to work. 4.3. When selecting places to promote in her magazine, Swapna A. does not encourage any contribution from her employees. B. rules out destinations which are coming into vogue. C. comes up with an arbitrary shortlist of her favourites. D. takes the underground betting pool into account. 4.4. Based on the last paragraph, we can conclude that Garrett A. was flattered by Swapna’s attention. B. treated Swapna’s comments with blatant disregard. C. felt intimidated by Swapna’s remark. D. appreciated Swapna’s peculiar sense of humour. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Text 2 A CHANGE FOR THE BETTER? Workplaces have become fairer thanks to a rising ethos of meritocracy: the idea that the best person for the job is the right person for the job. Formal assessment processes, for example, help ensure that job interviews are granted on merit, rather than being allocated on the basis of which CVs remind the hiring manager of a younger version of themselves. One consequence of meritocracy is the replacement of seniority-based promotion – where you get a better position “when it’s your time” – with one based on ability, a development that means younger people with the appropriate skills can leap over older colleagues and end up managing them. Unfortunately, according to new research published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior, it turns out that this can have nasty repercussions. Florian Kunze and Jochen Menges surveyed employees at 61 German companies. Nearly 8,000 participants reported an age difference in relation to their managers, and a subset described their experience of various negative emotions over the last six months. A quarter of the managers were younger than those they managed. Crucially, in companies where the size of the age gap between younger managers and older subordinates was statistically significant, employees tended to report more negative emotions, such as anger or fear. Why would this be? We are inclined to measure our life progress by using our peers as a benchmark, so if they pull ahead of us, rubbing our faces in our own inability to keep pace, a flash of envy is usually provoked. And it is even more irritating when those who are our juniors climb the ladder faster. More broadly, being under the supervision of someone younger than us is a simple incongruence of status. This is an engine for resentment-based negative emotions which can be detrimental to productivity if not well managed. When Kunze and Menges asked the leadership of each company to report on its recent financial results, as well as different measures of efficiency, they found that companies experiencing more negative emotions showed worse performance on all counts. Presumably this is due to declining enthusiasm for collective effort in the face of so much frustration. Kunze and Menges do not claim that companies should “revert to the old workplace with traditional age structures”. However, they do believe the negative repercussions that they’ve revealed should be addressed. One suggestion is to help older subordinates make sense of their feelings and explore whether they can come to terms with them, rather than simply suppressing them. I believe this would best be done in conjunction with changing the culture around “career timetables” and addressing issues of hierarchy and participation, so that old-timers, whether managers or not, can share their accrued wisdom within the organizations to which they have contributed for so long. Adapted from: digest.bps.org.uk Strona 8 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 Based on the text, complete sentences 4.5.–4.8. 4.5. From the first paragraph we learn that in many companies promotion no longer _____________________________________________________________________. 4.6. In the second paragraph, the author argues that employees’ negative emotions result from people’s natural tendency to compare themselves to colleagues who ___________ _____________________________________________________________________. 4.7. The survey findings showed that negative emotions led to ________________________ _________________________________ in the companies which took part in the study. 4.8. In the last paragraph, the author suggests how companies can ____________________ __________________________________________________.

In the last paragraph, the author suggests how companies can ____________________ __________________________________________________.

TASK 4. (0–8) Read two texts about bosses. Do tasks 4.1.–4.8. Text 1 THIS SUMMER “Poppy,” Swapna says from the head of the dull gray conference table. “What have you got?” The benevolent ruler of the Rest + Relaxation magazine empire, Swapna Bakshi-Highsmith, could not possibly exemplify our fine magazine’s two core values any less. The last time Swapna rested was probably three years ago, when she was eight and a half months pregnant and on doctor-mandated bed rest. Even then, she spent the whole time video-conferencing with the office, so I don’t think there was a ton of relaxation involved. Everything about her is sharp and pointed and smart. Her winged eyeliner could slice through an aluminum can, and her emerald eyes could crush it afterward. In this moment, both are pointed squarely at me. “Poppy? Hello?” I blink out of my daze and lean forward. This has been happening to me a lot lately. When you have a job where you’re only required to come into the office once a week, it’s not ideal to zone out like a kid in algebra for fifty percent of that time, even less so to do it in front of your both terrifying and inspiring boss. I study the notepad in front of me. I used to come to the Friday meetings with dozens of excitedly scribbled pitches. I would work in a kind of panic. I’d spend three days before pitch meetings in something of a sweaty Google trance, scrolling through image after image of places I’d never been to, feeling something like hunger growling in my gut. Today, however, I spent ten minutes scrawling the names of countries. Countries, not even cities. Swapna is looking at me, waiting for me to pitch my next big summer feature, and I’m staring at the word Brazil. Brazil is the fifth-largest country in the world. You cannot write a short, snappy piece about vacationing in Brazil. You have to at least choose a specific region. I flip the page in my notebook, pretending to study the next one. It’s blank. When my co-worker Garrett leans toward me as if to read over my shoulder, I snap it closed. “St. Petersburg,” I say. Swapna arches an eyebrow. “We did St. Petersburg in our summer issue three years ago, remember?” “Amsterdam?” Garrett throws out next to me. “Amsterdam’s a spring city,” Swapna says, vaguely annoyed. “Besides, Amsterdam is so… trendy.” It is Swapna’s closely held belief that to be on trend is to be already late to that trend. If she senses the zeitgeist warming to the idea of Toruń, Poland, then Toruń’s banned for the next ten years. There’s a literal list pinned to a wall in the office, entitled “Places R+R Will Not Cover”. Each entry is in her handwriting and dated, and there’s something of an underground betting pool on when a city will be freed from the List. There’s never so much quiet excitement in the office as those mornings when Swapna marches in and strides up to the List, ready to cross off one of these banned cities. Everyone watches with bated breath, wondering which city she’s rescuing from Rest + Relaxation obscurity, and once she’s safely in her office, whoever’s closest to the List will run up to it, Strona 6 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 read the scratched out entry, and turn to whisper the name of the city to everyone in editorial. There’s usually silent celebration. When Paris was dropped from the List last fall, Garrett pulled a red beret out of a drawer in his desk, where he’d apparently been hiding it for just such an occasion. He wore it all day, pulling it off his head every time we heard the click and whine of Swapna’s door. He thought he’d gotten away with it too, until she paused beside his desk on her way out for the night and said, “Au revoir, Garrett.” His face had gone as bright as the beret, and though I didn’t think Swapna had meant it to be anything but funny, he’s never quite recovered his confidence since then. Adapted from: People We Meet on Vacation by Emily Henry For questions 4.1.–4.4., choose the answer that best matches the text and circle the appropriate letter (A, B, C or D). 4.1. The opening lines of the text illustrate that A. Swapna attaches importance to unwinding when she is working from home. B. Swapna’s ambition is to show more empathy towards her employees. C. Swapna strives hard to achieve some work-life balance. D. Swapna’s lifestyle is not in line with what the magazine is about. 4.2. Poppy’s description of her preparations for the Friday meetings reveals A. her anxiety triggered by comments from the co-workers she wanted to outshine. B. the undesirable effects of Swapna’s mood swings on her staff. C. her insufficient involvement in earlier projects assigned by Swapna. D. the discrepancy between her former and current commitment to work. 4.3. When selecting places to promote in her magazine, Swapna A. does not encourage any contribution from her employees. B. rules out destinations which are coming into vogue. C. comes up with an arbitrary shortlist of her favourites. D. takes the underground betting pool into account. 4.4. Based on the last paragraph, we can conclude that Garrett A. was flattered by Swapna’s attention. B. treated Swapna’s comments with blatant disregard. C. felt intimidated by Swapna’s remark. D. appreciated Swapna’s peculiar sense of humour. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET! Text 2 A CHANGE FOR THE BETTER? Workplaces have become fairer thanks to a rising ethos of meritocracy: the idea that the best person for the job is the right person for the job. Formal assessment processes, for example, help ensure that job interviews are granted on merit, rather than being allocated on the basis of which CVs remind the hiring manager of a younger version of themselves. One consequence of meritocracy is the replacement of seniority-based promotion – where you get a better position “when it’s your time” – with one based on ability, a development that means younger people with the appropriate skills can leap over older colleagues and end up managing them. Unfortunately, according to new research published in the Journal of Organizational Behavior, it turns out that this can have nasty repercussions. Florian Kunze and Jochen Menges surveyed employees at 61 German companies. Nearly 8,000 participants reported an age difference in relation to their managers, and a subset described their experience of various negative emotions over the last six months. A quarter of the managers were younger than those they managed. Crucially, in companies where the size of the age gap between younger managers and older subordinates was statistically significant, employees tended to report more negative emotions, such as anger or fear. Why would this be? We are inclined to measure our life progress by using our peers as a benchmark, so if they pull ahead of us, rubbing our faces in our own inability to keep pace, a flash of envy is usually provoked. And it is even more irritating when those who are our juniors climb the ladder faster. More broadly, being under the supervision of someone younger than us is a simple incongruence of status. This is an engine for resentment-based negative emotions which can be detrimental to productivity if not well managed. When Kunze and Menges asked the leadership of each company to report on its recent financial results, as well as different measures of efficiency, they found that companies experiencing more negative emotions showed worse performance on all counts. Presumably this is due to declining enthusiasm for collective effort in the face of so much frustration. Kunze and Menges do not claim that companies should “revert to the old workplace with traditional age structures”. However, they do believe the negative repercussions that they’ve revealed should be addressed. One suggestion is to help older subordinates make sense of their feelings and explore whether they can come to terms with them, rather than simply suppressing them. I believe this would best be done in conjunction with changing the culture around “career timetables” and addressing issues of hierarchy and participation, so that old-timers, whether managers or not, can share their accrued wisdom within the organizations to which they have contributed for so long. Adapted from: digest.bps.org.uk Strona 8 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 Based on the text, complete sentences 4.5.–4.8. 4.5. From the first paragraph we learn that in many companies promotion no longer _____________________________________________________________________. 4.6. In the second paragraph, the author argues that employees’ negative emotions result from people’s natural tendency to compare themselves to colleagues who ___________ _____________________________________________________________________. 4.7. The survey findings showed that negative emotions led to ________________________ _________________________________ in the companies which took part in the study. 4.8. In the last paragraph, the author suggests how companies can ____________________ __________________________________________________.

TASK 5. (0–4) Read the article. Four fragments have been removed from the text. Complete each gap (5.1.–5.4.) with the fragment which fits best and put the appropriate letter (A–F) in each gap. There are two fragments which you do not need to use. HOW THE BASEBALL CAP WENT FROM ATHLETIC GEAR TO FASHION STATEMENT The first-ever baseball game that you would recognize took place in Hoboken, New Jersey, on June 19, 1846, when the New York Knickerbockers played the more prosaically named New York Baseball Club. 5.1. _____ The one that the players sported when they arrived at Elysian Fields, where the match took place, consisted of matching shirts and pantaloons and wide-brimmed hats made of thin, plaited wood strips. Though the Knickerbockers’ stipulation that each player “must also have the reputation of a gentleman” has been sadly strained over the years, the modern game still owes a great deal to the mid-19th century. 5.2. _____ By contrast, the original hats didn’t last. The Knickerbockers switched to merino wool within a couple of years. The cap as we know it today began to take shape around the turn of the century. Its design eventually acquired a narrow front brim and specialized stitching to support a higher, more comfortable crown made of six panels. Air holes were also added. The stubby new model was designed not for style, but rather to keep the sun out of players’ eyes. Then in 1901, the Detroit Tigers made arguably the farthest-reaching innovation in the game’s history. 5.3. _____ It changed the way people dress in every country of the world. The “Philadelphia style” cap, with a sturdier brim, debuted seven years later, and was quickly embraced by major-league teams. Designers continued to tinker, as crowns grew higher and materials became stronger. However, it was not until the advent of television – the first major-league game was telecast on August 26, 1939 – that a whole new audience was brought to the sport, which precipitated a rush of uniform redesigns. As a result, by 1945 every team was wearing their own branded cap. In the 1980s, New Era, the company that had supplied Major League Baseball for decades, started selling authentic team-branded hats to fans. Soon they became a must-have accessory. 5.4. _____ The cap worked for other luminaries as well. The baseball cap deflates grandeur so well because, theoretically, anyone could be hidden underneath; as memorabilia go, they’re cheaper than a jersey and match any outfit. Big brands know that in a baseball cap even a supermodel can look like the girl next door. Adapted from: www.smithsonianmag.com, www.vogue.com.au Strona 10 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 A. That differentiated the Knickerbockers’ hat from its forebears, including the front-leaning newsboy’s cap and the double-long-brimmed deerstalker hat. B. They put their namesake animal on their caps, turning a utilitarian sunshade into a battle flag. The cap’s usefulness and brandability would turn it into America’s greatest fashion export. C. You could see baseball caps on the cover of French Elle, in rap videos and atop the head of Princess Diana, whose occasional appearance in jeans and a baseball cap helped nurture her reputation as the “people’s princess” and signaled approachability, even for a royal. D. There had already been bat-and-glove competitions throughout the Northeast, to be sure, but the Knickerbockers had made things official, formalizing the number of team members, the rules of play and the uniform. E. While high-end versions signal status, the affordability of the common baseball cap, as well as its longevity as a fashion statement, has helped it to remain part of the modern-style lexicon. F. That day’s game featured nine innings, nine field positions and an untimed pace of play – customs that hold to this day. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET!

1. A. That differentiated the Knickerbockers’ hat from its forebears, including the front-leaning newsboy’s cap and the double-long-brimmed deerstalker hat.
2. B. They put their namesake animal on their caps, turning a utilitarian sunshade into a battle flag. The cap’s usefulness and brandability would turn it into America’s greatest fashion export.
3. C. You could see baseball caps on the cover of French Elle, in rap videos and atop the head of Princess Diana, whose occasional appearance in jeans and a baseball cap helped nurture her reputation as the “people’s princess” and signaled approachability, even for a royal.
4. D. There had already been bat-and-glove competitions throughout the Northeast, to be sure, but the Knickerbockers had made things official, formalizing the number of team members, the rules of play and the uniform.
5. E. While high-end versions signal status, the affordability of the common baseball cap, as well as its longevity as a fashion statement, has helped it to remain part of the modern-style lexicon.
6. F. That day’s game featured nine innings, nine field positions and an untimed pace of play – customs that hold to this day. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET!

TASK 5. (0–4) Read the article. Four fragments have been removed from the text. Complete each gap (5.1.–5.4.) with the fragment which fits best and put the appropriate letter (A–F) in each gap. There are two fragments which you do not need to use. HOW THE BASEBALL CAP WENT FROM ATHLETIC GEAR TO FASHION STATEMENT The first-ever baseball game that you would recognize took place in Hoboken, New Jersey, on June 19, 1846, when the New York Knickerbockers played the more prosaically named New York Baseball Club. 5.1. _____ The one that the players sported when they arrived at Elysian Fields, where the match took place, consisted of matching shirts and pantaloons and wide-brimmed hats made of thin, plaited wood strips. Though the Knickerbockers’ stipulation that each player “must also have the reputation of a gentleman” has been sadly strained over the years, the modern game still owes a great deal to the mid-19th century. 5.2. _____ By contrast, the original hats didn’t last. The Knickerbockers switched to merino wool within a couple of years. The cap as we know it today began to take shape around the turn of the century. Its design eventually acquired a narrow front brim and specialized stitching to support a higher, more comfortable crown made of six panels. Air holes were also added. The stubby new model was designed not for style, but rather to keep the sun out of players’ eyes. Then in 1901, the Detroit Tigers made arguably the farthest-reaching innovation in the game’s history. 5.3. _____ It changed the way people dress in every country of the world. The “Philadelphia style” cap, with a sturdier brim, debuted seven years later, and was quickly embraced by major-league teams. Designers continued to tinker, as crowns grew higher and materials became stronger. However, it was not until the advent of television – the first major-league game was telecast on August 26, 1939 – that a whole new audience was brought to the sport, which precipitated a rush of uniform redesigns. As a result, by 1945 every team was wearing their own branded cap. In the 1980s, New Era, the company that had supplied Major League Baseball for decades, started selling authentic team-branded hats to fans. Soon they became a must-have accessory. 5.4. _____ The cap worked for other luminaries as well. The baseball cap deflates grandeur so well because, theoretically, anyone could be hidden underneath; as memorabilia go, they’re cheaper than a jersey and match any outfit. Big brands know that in a baseball cap even a supermodel can look like the girl next door. Adapted from: www.smithsonianmag.com, www.vogue.com.au Strona 10 z 21 MJAA-D0-100 A. That differentiated the Knickerbockers’ hat from its forebears, including the front-leaning newsboy’s cap and the double-long-brimmed deerstalker hat. B. They put their namesake animal on their caps, turning a utilitarian sunshade into a battle flag. The cap’s usefulness and brandability would turn it into America’s greatest fashion export. C. You could see baseball caps on the cover of French Elle, in rap videos and atop the head of Princess Diana, whose occasional appearance in jeans and a baseball cap helped nurture her reputation as the “people’s princess” and signaled approachability, even for a royal. D. There had already been bat-and-glove competitions throughout the Northeast, to be sure, but the Knickerbockers had made things official, formalizing the number of team members, the rules of play and the uniform. E. While high-end versions signal status, the affordability of the common baseball cap, as well as its longevity as a fashion statement, has helped it to remain part of the modern-style lexicon. F. That day’s game featured nine innings, nine field positions and an untimed pace of play – customs that hold to this day. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET!

1. A. That differentiated the Knickerbockers’ hat from its forebears, including the front-leaning newsboy’s cap and the double-long-brimmed deerstalker hat.
2. B. They put their namesake animal on their caps, turning a utilitarian sunshade into a battle flag. The cap’s usefulness and brandability would turn it into America’s greatest fashion export.
3. C. You could see baseball caps on the cover of French Elle, in rap videos and atop the head of Princess Diana, whose occasional appearance in jeans and a baseball cap helped nurture her reputation as the “people’s princess” and signaled approachability, even for a royal.
4. D. There had already been bat-and-glove competitions throughout the Northeast, to be sure, but the Knickerbockers had made things official, formalizing the number of team members, the rules of play and the uniform.
5. E. While high-end versions signal status, the affordability of the common baseball cap, as well as its longevity as a fashion statement, has helped it to remain part of the modern-style lexicon.
6. F. That day’s game featured nine innings, nine field positions and an untimed pace of play – customs that hold to this day. TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE ANSWER SHEET!